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EN
The purpose of this publication is the interpretation of the song of Jacek Kaczmarski titledJacob wrestling with the angel which shows the speci city of the poet’s view of the biblical theme. In the rst part of the article, I discuss the gure of the Patriarch Jacob in the Bible and culture. Then I present the patriarch’s wrestling with an unknown opponent as it is shown in Jewish and Christian commentaries. In the interpretation of Kaczmarski’s song, I draw attention to the di eren- ces and similarities with the Scriptures and with Jewish and Christian interpretations. Kaczmarski creatively reinterprets the biblical theme. The song does not follow Jewish interpretations which see the unknown opponent as a guardian angel of Esau, archangel Michael or Satan. Nor does it follow Christian interpretations (psychological, allegorical, spiritual, mystical). The poem is close to these comments (Jewish and Christian), which in the wrestling opponent see God in the form of an angel and a shepherd. Kaczmarski’s interpretation is unique, for in his poem the main purpose of the struggle is freedom – an overriding value in human life. The winner turns out to be a crippled Jacob. The weak man wins with God because he dared to ght for freedom.
EN
The article concerns selected aspects of genre of ballade and ballada form in singing poetry by Jacek Kaczmarski. The main object of analysis are some lyrics of this author (The Cow, The Ballad on Exclamations, The Ballad on the Burnt Synagogue), in the sphere of the text as well as the guitar and piano music. 11
EN
The main aim of the article is to propose a different category of description of a literary work referring to painting, based on the poem written by Jacek Kaczmarski. Contamination in the author’s opinion is characterized by a simultaneous reference to many works, so the poem on the one hand has the features of enumeration, but on the other hand it is very compendious. Therefore, it is necessary for the analysis to be carried out close to the text, almost verse after verse. Kaczmarski, in a certain way, created a biography of Goya based on his paintings, and enriched it with universal meanings. The author of this work attempts to show both planes during the analysis.
PL
Tekst podejmuje temat seksualizmów obecnych w twórczości Jacka Kaczmarskiego. Autor zwraca uwagę na ich użycie, służące tworzeniu metafor zarówno samego stosunku seksualnego, jak i poszczególnych narządów płciowych, pokazując jednocześnie szerokie spektrum występującego u Kaczmarskiego zjawiska: od ocierania się o pornografię, przez celową wulgaryzację, aż po nietuzinkowe metaforykę i alegoryzację.
EN
The subject of the following essay centers around erotic language in Jacek Kaczmarski’s works. The main objective is to present how erotic language can be used to create both metaphors of sexual intercourse and metaphors of sex organs. Using numerous, various examples the author describes language phenomenons appearing in Kaczmarski works (from vulgar and almost-pornographic vocabulary to original metaphors and allegories) and in a vast spectrum.
EN
The article is an analysis of one of the last Jacek Kaczmarski’s poem named Łazienki zimą from the tome Tunel. Authoress exhibits numerous Enlightenment threads which are groundwork for discussed piece in a context of their durability in a culture. Comments about Kaczmarski interests in XVIII century are the starting point on which many songs of the bard (famous Krajobraz po uczcie, Sen Katarzyny II, Rejtan, czyli raport ambasadora etc.) are based. He is also an author of master’s thesis dedicated crucial to Łazienki zimą figure — king Stanisław August Poniatowski. This work adduces publications dedicated to culture and ordinary day of the Age of Lights which enlightens very close references of Kaczmarski to specified elements of this era. Attention is being brought to modeling the last king of Poland whose picture in Kaczmarski’s creation is not unequivocal — it spreads between criticism of his political decisions and attempt to understanding his motivation. Background for consideration is also created by Enlightenment reality, with particular emphasis issues of gardens (with their specific closing for externality). Kaczmarski’s work is a distinct testimony of presence Classicism threads in contemporary polish culture and evidence of significance of whole era in artist’s reflection about power and human condition. Author of Łazienki zimą makes contemporary consumer look in XVIII century mirror.
PL
Artykuł Intertekstualne refleksje o „Ślepcach” Pietera Bruegla, Jacka Kaczmarskiego i Gerta Hofmanna ukazuje intelektualne związki między obrazem niderlandzkiego mistrza a wierszem polskiego barda i powieścią niemieckiego prozaika. Płótno szesnastowiecznego malarza zainspirowało twórców XX wieku do podjęcia refleksji nad otaczającym ich światem, celem i sensem życia człowieka, którego losami władają często pycha, duma, nienawiść, żądza panowania nad innymi. Mimo ogromnej siły zła – zdaniem pisarzy – należy jednak podejmować, wciąż na nowo, próby ukierunkowania na kultywowanie pierwiastków stanowiących o dobrej stronie natury ludzkiej, nadających egzystencji każdego z nas ludzki wymiar. Upadając, potykając się, doznając bólu i cierpienia, ślepcy podnoszą się, pokonują swoje własne, fizyczne ograniczenia, pozwalając wierzyć, że takich czynów dokonać mogą wszyscy.
EN
The article Intertextual deliberations on »The Blind« by Pieter Bruegel, Jacek Kaczmarski and Gert Hofmann indicates intellectual connections between the painting by Dutch master (The Blind Leading the Blind), the poem by Polish bard (The Parable of the Blind) and the novel by German writer (Blindensturz). The canvas by sixteenth century’s painter inspired creators of the 20th century to reflect on the surrounding world, the purpose and the meaning of human life whose fate is ruled by hubris, pride, hate, greed of dominance over other. Despite the immense power of evil – in the opinion of the writers – it is vital to attempt again and again to direct at cultivation of the elements constituting a good side of human nature which imparts human dimension to our existence. Through falling down, tripping, experiencing pain and suffering the blind rise and overcome personal and physical constraints. They let us believe that such deeds can be performed by everyone.
Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2021
|
vol. 112
|
issue 2
153-169
PL
„Parabola” w odniesieniu do literatury XX wieku jest terminem wieloznacznym. Nazywa się tak utwory, których fabuła generuje lub przenosi z tradycji umowny kod, odsyłając do znaczeń ogólniejszych, jak i te, w których „znaczeniem ukrytym »pseudohistorycznego« utworu jest jego aktualne odniesienie” (Anna Nasiłowska). W literaturze polskiej po roku 1956 odwołującej się do epoki oświecenia, paraboliczność w pierwszym rozumieniu jest charakterystyczna dla utworów sięgających do tradycji oświecenia zachodniego. W przypadku niektórych dzieł można mówić o obu znaczeniach. Polemizując z oświeceniowym myśleniem utopijnym jednocześnie nawiązują do jego wschodnioeuropejskich realizacji, zawierają więc również element aktualizacji. Kiedy natomiast fabularną osnowę utworu stanowi wyłącznie polska historia lub literatura, dominują skojarzenia ze współczesnością. Zarówno jednak w utworach, które odnoszą się do historii Polski, jak tych, które przedstawiają raczej mentalny aspekt epoki oświecenia, przeważają barwy ciemne. Autorzy szukający w tamtych czasach punktów odniesienia dla współczesnych problemów, zamiast Wieku Świateł przedstawiali raczej obraz Wieku Mroków – mroków ludzkiej duszy i równie mrocznych wytworów ludzkiego umysłu w wymiarze społecznym i politycznym.
EN
The term “parable” in reference to the 20th century literature is ambiguous. It is used to name the pieces the plot of which generates or transfers a conventional code from tradition, referring to more general meanings, as well as to those in which “the hidden meaning of a ‘pseudohistorical’ piece is its real reference” (Anna Nasiłowska). In the Polish literature after the year 1956 referring to Enlightenment, the parabolic in the first meaning is characteristic of works that recall the tradition of the Western Enlightenment. In some pieces it is allowed to speak of two meanings. Entering into polemics with the utopian thinking of the Enlightenment, they simultaneously turn to its East-European realisations, thus also contain an element of update. However, if the piece’s structure plot is made exclusively of Polish history or literature, then associations with the present dominate. Yet, in works that invoke Polish history as well as in those that offer a rather mental aspect of the Age of Reason, dark colours prevail. Authors who in those times looked for points of reference for present problems, instead of the Age of Enlightenment presented rather a picture of the Age of Darkness—the gloom of human soul and equally gloomy figments of human mind in the social and political dimension.
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