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Pamiętnik Literacki
|
2013
|
vol. 104
|
issue 3
119-143
EN
The article discusses Jan Bielski’s dramatic works from the perspective of the changes that took place in Jesuitic schooling in mid 18th century. The changes are revealed in his writing on a number of levels: ideological (accentuation of civic issues), compositional (return to classical 5 act structure, preserving the principle of three unities), and the construction of the world presented. The Jesuit modernises and adjusts the plot and protagonist creation to the needs of the new dramaturgy. Referring to language and style of Bielski’s tragedy, we observe distinguisment of the Polish language. Since the Jesuit fringed upon two epochs, apart from classicistic elements, devices popular in baroque dramas (allegorical characters, dramas enriched with prologues and interludes, and writing the tragedy with resort to the technique of periaktori) also find their expression.
PL
Artykuł omawia dramatopisarstwo jezuity Jana Bielskiego z perspektywy przemian zachodzących w szkolnictwie jezuickim w połowie XVIII wieku. Ujawniają się one w utworach Bielskiego na kilku płaszczyznach: ideowej (akcentowanie kwestii obywatelskich), kompozycyjnej (powrót do klasycznej struktury pięcioaktowej, przestrzeganie zasady trzech jedności) oraz budowy świata przedstawionego. Jezuita unowocześnia i dostosowuje do potrzeb nowej dramaturgii fabułę i kreacje bohaterów. W zakresie języka i stylu tragedii Bielskiego następuje nobilitacja polszczyzny. Ponieważ jezuita był autorem stojącym na pograniczu dwóch epok, dlatego w jego dramatach obok elementów klasycystycznych znajdują się też rozwiązania popularne w dramatach barokowych (obecność postaci alegorycznych, wzbogacanie dramatów o prologi oraz intermedia, pisanie tragedii z myślą o wykorzystaniu techniki telari ).
EN
The review is a discussion – presentation of Małgorzata Mieszek’s monograph devoted to the dramaturgy of Jan Bielski, an important Jesuit playwright of the eighteenth century. He was regarded by his contemporaries (Jan Daniel Janocki, Józef Andrzej Załuski) as a leading representative of reformed dramaturgy, also as a promoter of classical Latin, and, simultaneously, as an advocate of the Polish language in school theatre. The book of Mieszek also traces the status of Jesuit theatre in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the eighteenth century.  
PL
Recenzja jest omówieniem – prezentacją monografii Małgorzaty Mieszek poświęconej dramaturgii Jana Bielskiego, postaci ważnej dla jezuickiej sztuki dramatopisarskiej XVIII wieku. Uchodził on już w oczach współczesnych (Jan Daniel Janocki, Józef Andrzej Załuski) za czołowego reprezentanta zreformowanego dramatu, także za odnowiciela klasycznej łaciny, a jednocześnie zwolennika języka polskiego w teatrze szkolnym. Książka Mieszek obejmuje ponadto problematykę funkcjonowania teatru jezuickiego w Rzeczypospolitej XVIII wieku.
EN
The article focuses upon the religious subject matter of Jesuit dramas from the 18th century, discussed on the example of works of Jan Bielski. Bielski was a representative of the generation of dramatists who initiated transformation of Jesuit theatre. Religious issues were still a predominant feature in Jesuit tragedies from the 18th century. Bielski subordinated them to Jesuits’ new educational trends. The author incorporated religious themes into dramatic conflicts. However, he closely connected religious issues with secular ones. In some tragedies, religious issues were predominant, in others they coexisted with the historical subject matter and completed it significantly. Bielski also used the earlier tradition of a morality play, but he supplemented the scheme with emotions and tenderness. It corresponded to the new classical aesthetics. Religious issues became part of theatre’s moralizing purpose. At the same time, Bielski’s dramas reflected the changes which occurred in Jesuit theatre’s perception of religiousnesses.
EN
The article is analysing literary portraits of Polish kings, which Jan Bielski took from the „Vitae Regum Polonorum” by Klemens Janicki. The Jesuit placed those short poems in his book „Widok Królestwa Polskiego” — a kind of history and geography textbook. Bielski’s paraphrases supple- mented most chapters of the book, constituted the poetic summary and at the same time enable to formulate the evaluation of kings. Bielski’s poems are most often a faithful paraphrase, preserving the plot of the original. The Jesuit made only a few changes. Most of them reveal on the stylistic plain, rarely on the content plain.
EN
The work at hand deals with the art of orations in Jan Bielski’s Ćwiczenia krasomówsko-prawne. The analysis focused on the author›s remarks concerning rhetoric, which are to be found in the foreword, and in selected “juridical cases”. Rhetoric is perceived as helpful field in getting honours. Moreover, it is useful in unmasking the falsehood and reconciling antagonists. On the other hand, rhetoric is also shown as the “craft” which can serve vile, godless cells and which, “uncontrollable”, causes the disaster. Bielski’s Ćwiczenia... made young people aware, that acquaintance of rhetoric has a real influence on the outside world.
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