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PL
Skąpe ślady biografii Teodozji z Szymańskich, pierwszej żony Jana Kasprowicza, zaznaczonej w życiu poety jego wstydliwymi wspomnieniami, stawały się okazją do rozmaitych domniemań badaczy, spośród których jedynie Roman Loth sięgnął po wiarygodne źródła. Przejawem rażącego nadużycia wobec Kasprowiczowej jest przedstawienie jej w negatywnym świetle w opowieści biograficznej Mirosława Sosnowskiego, książce o profilu popularnonaukowym, a więc o szerszym zasięgu, utrwalającej fałszywy wizerunek tej postaci. W artykule podejmuje się próbę restytucji biografii Kasprowiczowej poprzez reasumpcję źródeł, tj. poprzez prześledzenie i weryfikację prac, w których pojawia się pierwsza żona poety oraz konteksty z nią związane. Przeprowadzenie „śledztwa biograficznego” oparte zostało na dokumentacji archiwalnej i czasopiśmienniczej, podającej w wątpliwość pochopne i jednostronne opinie o Kasprowiczowej, przeważnie widzianej oczami jej stronniczego męża lub jego apologetów, nie zaś obiektywnie. Wnioski pozwalają na obalenie wielu tez, m.in. mających dowodzić jej przewin wobec poety.
EN
Scanty traces of the biography of Teodozja de domo Szymańska, Jan Kasprowicz’s first wife, marked in the poet’s life by his shameful memories, provided opportunities to researchers’ surmises, and it was only Roman Loth who reached for reliable sources of information. A symptom of flagrant abuse on Kasprowiczowa and her unfavourable portrayal is Mirosław Sosnowski’s biographic novel, a popular science book that strengthens negative image about her. In the present article the author attempts to restore Kasprowiczowa’s biography by sources reassumption, namely by tracing and verifying the works in which the figure is mentioned and the contexts connected with her. The “biographic investigation” was based on archive and press documentation that distrust the unilateral and dissenting opinions about Kasprowiczowa by her biased husband or his supporters, thus not objective ones. The conclusions allow to knock down many theses, among others those that prove her offence against the poet.
EN
Jan Kasprowicz, lived in 1860–1926, whose fame and glory is nowadays in the shadow, in his time was considered one of the greatest and most important Polish poets and authors. He was a diligent translator, who made Polish public accustomed with a great number of pieces of worldwide literature. He made about eighty translations of different works which is a huge and rare number, especially when taking into account only one person who was at the same time an author of his genuine works, an academic scholar and a journalist. He was fascinated and inspired by Aeschylus from the time he was a schoolboy. And thus we may find many reminiscences of Aeschylus’ poetry in his genuine works. His fascination which lasted many years culminated with the translation of Aeschylus’ tragedies into Polish. As for Kasprowicz Aeschylus was ‘the king of the tragic playwrights and the most powerful worldwide author of the tragedies’.
EN
This study is an attempt to present the dramatic works of Jan Kasprowicz, which for a long time have remained in the shadow of his great poetic oeuvre. What he wrote for the stage, though an inherent part of a lot of academic research, still needs comprehensive examination. The Midsummer Eve Night’s Tale is not among the artist’s most highly estimated achievements. He was commissioned to write it as a theatre prologue, which gave it the mark of an occasional piece, not too good for the reception of the work. It inaugurated the activity of the City Theatre in Lvov on 4 October 1900. Kasprowicz, using a recognizable code of signs, created a poetic show based on the “theatre within theatre” convention. At the same time he tried to include in it his own drama and theatre concepts, outlining the anthropological horizon of his theatre. They resound with allusions in the multi-layer coalescence of fairy-tale symbols, Slavic mythology and literary references pulsating in the space of modernist oneirism. By using folk sources and many motifs from masterpieces of world drama (Greek tragedians, Shakespeare, Goethe, Słowacki, Hauptmann and others) the poet takes up fundamental existential themes which make up a poetic synthesis of the condition of man and the world.
EN
The article discusses the process of increased interest in Zakopane and Podhale culture in the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. Discusses the problem of highlanders acquiring national identity. Characterizes the environment of the intellectual and artistic elite of Zakopane. Attempts to analyse how fascination with the Tatra landscape and highlander culture infuenced the formation of one of the myths that fund modern national identity. Tries to show how the artists infuenced the development of Zakopane as a holiday spa. It also shows the impact of bohemia on the transformation of the culture of highlanders in the Podhale region. The second part of the article discusses the relationship of the poet Jan Kasprowicz with Podhale. His peregrinations to Zakopane and Poronin were presented. On the selected example from creativity, an attempt was made to analyse the poet’s fascination with the Tatra Mountains and highlander culture.
PL
Artykuł omawia proces kształtowania się zainteresowania Zakopanem i kulturą Podhala w drugiej połowie XIX w. oraz na początku wieku XX. Porusza problem nabywania przez górali narodowej tożsamości. Charakteryzuje środowisko zakopiańskiej elity inteligenckiej i artystycznej. Podejmuje próbę analizy, w jaki sposób fascynacja tatrzańskim krajobrazem oraz góralską kulturą wpłynęła na ukształtowanie się jednego z mitów fundujących nowoczesną, narodową tożsamość. Jednocześnie stara się ukazać, jak artyści oddziaływali na rozwój Zakopanego jako kurortu. Pokazuje także wpływy bohemy artystycznej na przemiany kultury podhalańskich górali. W drugiej części artykułu omówiono związki poety Jana Kasprowicza z Podhalem. Przedstawiono jego peregrynacje do Zakopanego i Poronina. Na wybranym przykładzie z twórczości podjęto próbę analizy fascynacji poety Tatrami i góralską kulturą.
Poradnik Językowy
|
2022
|
vol. 799
|
issue 10
237-251
EN
The text presents Jan Kasprowicz’s translation work during the First World War. It discusses the War’s contribution to the concentration on this form of literary activity and to the selection of the works by the most distinguished Greek tragic dramatist, Euripides. The author presents the view that the fact that Kasprowicz took up the ambitious project of translating all works by Euripides resulted from the Academy of Learning’s commission on the one hand and from the translator’s conscious decision on the other hand. By going back to antiquity, Kasprowicz endeavoured to answer the questions that were fundamental during the War: about its sense and price. Apart from presenting the timeline of Jan Kasprowicz’s translations in detail, the author mentions the key facts from his biography during the War. He also quotes the translator’s statements about the translation techniques and positions them in the context of contemporary theories of translation.
PL
Tekst przedstawia twórczość translatorską Jana Kasprowicza w okresie I wojny światowej. Omawia wpływ, jaki wojna miała na skupienie się na tej formie aktywności literackiej, a także na wybór dzieł najwybitniejszego greckiego tragika Eurypidesa. Autor przedstawił pogląd, że podjęcie się przez Kasprowicza ambitnego projektu przekładu wszystkich dzieł tego twórcy wypływała z jednej strony z zamówienia złożonego przez Akademię Umiejętności, ale z drugiej była świadomą decyzją tłumacza. Poprzez sięgnięcie do antyku Kasprowicz starał się dać odpowiedź na fundamentalne w czasie wojny pytania: o jej sens, a także cenę. Obok szczegółowego przedstawienia kalendarium przekładów Jana Kasprowicza autor artykułu wskazuje najważniejsze fakty z jego biografii w latach wojny. Przytacza również jego wypowiedzi na temat warsztatu translatorskiego, które osadza w kontekście współczesnych teorii przekładu.
EN
This work explores an analysis and interpretation of the prose poem Marmur [Marble] by JanKasprowicz, from the volume O bohaterskim koniu i walącym się domu [On the brave horse and thecrumbling house] (1906). The analysis focuses on the experiences of the main character (who is alsothe narrator) who first experiences a chance meeting with a pensioner, a supporter of social harmony,and then has a vision of fauns playing around the figure of St Genevieve. The article proposes twointerpretations. First: man, irrespective of his views, usually surrenders to his inbred nature, biology,which is represented by the playing fauns. The second interpretation indicates the fauns’ behaviouras a separate solution that invades between the conservative attitudes of the pensioner and the supportof the main character for social transformations. It represents an affirmation of a full and joyfullife as well as acceptance of variability as a permanent component of history and human fate.
PL
Artykuł omawia proces kształtowania się zainteresowania Zakopanem i kulturą Podhala w drugiej połowie XIX w. oraz na początku wieku XX. Porusza problem nabywania przez górali narodowej tożsamości. Charakteryzuje środowisko zakopiańskiej elity inteligenckiej i artystycznej. Podejmuje próbę analizy, w jaki sposób fascynacja tatrzańskim krajobrazem oraz góralską kulturą wpłynęła na ukształtowanie się jednego z mitów fundujących nowoczesną, narodową tożsamość. Jednocześnie stara się ukazać, jak artyści oddziaływali na rozwój Zakopanego jako kurortu. Pokazuje także wpływy bohemy artystycznej na przemiany kultury podhalańskich górali. W drugiej części artykułu omówiono związki poety Jana Kasprowicza z Podhalem. Przedstawiono jego peregrynacje do Zakopanego i Poronina. Na wybranym przykładzie z twórczości podjęto próbę analizy fascynacji poety Tatrami i góralską kulturą.
EN
The article discusses the process of increased interest in Zakopane and Podhale culture in the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century. Discusses the problem of highlanders acquiring national identity. Characterizes the environment of the intellectual and artistic elite of Zakopane. Attempts to analyse how fascination with the Tatra landscape and highlander culture influenced the formation of one of the myths that fund modern national identity. Tries to show how the artists influenced the development of Zakopane as a holiday spa. It also shows the impact of bohemia on the transformation of the culture of highlanders in the Podhale region. The second part of the article discusses the relationship of the poet Jan Kasprowicz with Podhale. His peregrinations to Zakopane and Poronin were presented. On the selected example from creativity, an attempt was made to analyse the poet’s fascination with the Tatra Mountains and highlander culture.
EN
The myth of Prometheus belongs to the oldest and most frequently interpreted ancient myths. Over the centuries, Prometheism has deteriorated instead of evolving, and such a claim can be supported by comparing Aeschylus’ archetype with the theomachists in the masterpieces of Polish authors Jan Kochanowski, Adam Mickiewicz, Jan Kasprowicz and Sławomir Mrożek. The works reviewed in this article suggest that the types of theomachy reflects the respective dominant ideology and represents the actual position of every partici-pant in the triad: the mass – the theomachist – the deity. Prometheus, as an equal to Zeus, sacrifices himself for the inferior human “ephemerals”; in his Laments, Kochanowski creates his own anthropocentrical pantheon and demands from the resident deities to bring his be-loved little daughter back to life or at least console his paternal grief; Konrad (Forefather’s Eve), in order to liberate his ethnic motherland, requests from God to give him the power to rule the world by feelings; the lyric hero of Jan Kasprowicz (Holy God, Holy and Mighty) insists that God salvages mankind from disasters and starvation or becomes human again and come down to Earth and suffers with the ordinary people; whereas the Communist Bartodziej (Portrait), willing to fight the whole world in the name of his party leader, sacrifices the ones closest to him on the altar of Stalin, and ultimately destroys himself.
PL
The text Symbolic and philosophical similarities between Jan Kasprowicz’s and Janis Rainis’ poetry presents the figure of Kasprowicz – a great Polish modernist, and Rainis – a Latvian poet and playwright, a man of the theater, author of numerous works for children and a recognized translator of the works of William Shakespeare, Friedrich Schiller, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, George Gordon Byron, and Aleksander Pushkin. The analysis is directed toward the lyrical work of the Latvian and the Polish poet, emphasizing its symptomatic symbolism and philosophical influences (Blaise Pascal, Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche, Henri Bergson) present in the phenomena of nature and love.
EN
The text Symbolic and philosophical similarities between Jan Kasprowicz’s and Janis Rainis’ poetry presents the figure of Kasprowicz – a great Polish modernist, and Rainis – a Latvian poet and playwright, a man of the theater, author of numerous works for children and a recognized translator of the works of William Shakespeare, Friedrich Schiller, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, George Gordon Byron, and Aleksander Pushkin. The analysis is directed toward the lyrical work of the Latvian and the Polish poet, emphasizing its symptomatic symbolism and philosophical influences (Blaise Pascal, Arthur Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche, Henri Bergson) present in the phenomena of nature and love.
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