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Wojciech Bogumił Jastrzębowski’s Draft of the European Constitution of 1831 – Genesis, Main Assumptions and Significance

100%
Gaca A.
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
|
2024
|
issue 1(77)
261-271
PL
Federacyjna koncepcja zjednoczonej Europy Wojciecha Bogusława Jastrzębowskiego (1799–1882) powstała podczas powstania listopadowego. Drukowany tekst broszury z 1831 r. Konstytucji dla Europy, której rękopis przechowuje Archiwum Akt Dawnych w Warszawie, pomyślany został jako projekt ogólnoeuropejskiej ustawy zasadniczej. Głównym celem przyszłej federacji narodów miało być zapobieżenie na przyszłość wszelkim wojnom na naszym kontynencie. Jastrzębowski w 77 artykułach Konstytucji sprecyzował m.in. zasady funkcjonowania wspólnych instytucji monarchicznej federacji oraz instytucji narodowych. Określił także wzajemne relacje między narodami a władzami wspólnotowymi, sankcje karne za łamanie praw europejskich i narodowych, a także podstawowe prawa i obowiązki obywateli zjednoczonej Europy. Autor projektu zakładał równość wszystkich wobec prawa i zniesienie wszelkich przywilejów stanowych. Jednym z głównych zadań zjednoczonej Europy miało być według niego zniesienie granic oraz częściowe rozbrojenie.
EN
Wojciech Bogusław Jastrzębowski’s federative concept of a united Europe was developed during the November Uprising. The printed text of the 1831 pamphlet Constitution for Europe, the manuscript of which is kept by the Archive of Old Records in Warsaw, was conceived as a project for a pan-European constitution. The main aim of the future federation of nations was to prevent any further wars on our continent. In the 77 articles of the Constitution, Jastrzębowski specified, inter alia, the principles of the functioning of the common institutions of the monarchical federation and the national institutions. He also defined the mutual relations between nations and community authorities, criminal sanctions for breaching European and national laws, as well as the fundamental rights and duties of citizens of a united Europe. The author of the project stipulated the equality of all before the law and the abolition of all state privileges.
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,,Niech zginą nałogi mięsno-wódczano-tytuniowo-modne”. Programy i idee polskich wegetarian XIX i początku XX stulecia

71%
Pasieka P.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
|
2018
|
issue 18
45-63
EN
The vegetarian movement which emerged in Poland in the second half of the 19th century was informal undertaking at first, while its leaders championed original conceptions of their own. Unlike advocates of protecting animals from cruel treatment, who established the Society for the Protection of Animals in the 1860s-1870s, vegetarians functioned without a registered association until 1904. Their ideas were an eclectic mix: the essential idea of a vegetarian diet was combined with many other conceptions and postulations. Konstanty Moes-Oskragiełło connected vegetarianism with the requirement to wear woollen clothes (though he himself also supported naturism) and certain natural treatments. Józef Drzewiecki added homeopathy as well as natural medicine. Rajmund Janicki advocated an ascetic lifestyle, eschewing any substances and German-style attire. Rev. Wincent Pix, as a vegetarian, was a patron of campaigns against vaccinations. The feature which united these diverse elements the most was their explicitly anthropocentric nature: the ultimate goal was the wellness and rejuvenation of people and their return to a life lived in accordance with Nature. From their standpoint, the health of the humankind and its spiritual well-being were the prevailing concern, whereas comparatively little attention was devoted to the welfare of animals.
PL
The article presents an analysis of the ideas and platforms developed by the first Polish vegetarians in the latter half of the 19th and in the early 20th century. The views of the following authors are considered: Konstanty Moes-Oskragiełło, Józef Drzewiecki, Janisław Jastrzębowski and Rajmund Jankowski. I draw attention to three basic features: anthropocentrism, eclecticism and a somewhat informal culture.
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