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EN
Several thousands of fish remains were excavated by the mission of the Czech Institute of Egyptology (Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague) at Jebel Sabaloka (West Bank) in 2011–2012. The fish bones came from two sites: 1) Fox Hill (Mesolithic and Neolithic), 2) Sphinx (Mesolithic), and were obtained by both standard excavation and sieving. Altogether, fourteen fish families were determined in the assemblages. The most common taxa were the Nile perch (Lates niloticus) and silurids (esp. Synodontis, Clarias and Bagrus), and also Alestiidae and Citharinidae. The assemblage from the Mesolithic settlement at Sphinx contained more open-water elements than the Mesolithic and Neolithic site of Fox Hill, where shallow- water taxa were also abundant. The majority of the finds were vertebrae.
EN
In the autumn of 2017, the exploration of the late prehistoric occupation on the west bank of the Nile at Jebel Sabaloka came to its fifth season. The fieldwork focused on the site of Fox Hill (SBK.W-20), last explored in 2012. Four trenches (no. 21–24) measuring 24 m2 in total (fig. 3) were excavated, all on Terrace 3 of the site (fig. 2). The most significant findings of the field campaign include the following: (1) A large late prehistoric burial ground was uncovered on Terrace 3. Based on the hitherto finds of intact (14 individuals) and disturbed burials and their distribution in Trenches 21 and 22 only, the burial ground appears to have been confined roughly to the southern third of Terrace 3 and to have contained at least several dozen deceased (figs. 4a, 5, 6). The use of shells of Nile bivalves as burial goods was attested (B.5, B.6; figs. 7 and 8); other items serving this function were not detected. Of interest is the presence of stone piles, in some cases carefully built, which covered burials particularly in the eastern part of Trench 22 (fig. 5). Before carrying out AMS 14C analyses, a Late Mesolithic dating can be tentatively put forward for (at least part of) this burial ground based on similarities to the burial ground at the site of Sphinx (e.g. Varadzinová –Varadzin 2017). (2) Terrace 3 had been used for settlement as well, both during the Mesolithic and the Neolithic. Several settlement features were uncovered, of which at least two had shapes reminiscent of those characteristic of storage pits (F.54, F.57 –- not dated more precisely so far; fig. 4a). Also, a stratification of settlement layers was detected (fig. 4b). (3) Of utmost significance is the discovery of fragments of what appears to be a stratified sequence of layers of Pleistocene dating (!) (fig. 9). They contained numerous assemblages of lithics with an unusually high representation of vein quartz, tiny cores ca. 1 cm in size used for production of microbladelets possibly by indirect percussion, and other pieces of lithics exhibiting advanced patination. The material has tentatively been assigned to the Late Stone Age. (4) The first of its kind was also a workshop for the production of Neolithic gouges on red rhyolite (fig. 1, 2, 11), detected in the western part of Fox Hill, with finds of raw material, primary shaping waste, finalisation waste, and unfinished as well as finished artefacts. The exploration of the site will continue in 2018.
EN
The most significant findings of the ongoing exploration of the Fox Hill site in the western part of the Sabaloka Mountains include the detection of extensive remains of a more-than-one-metre thick deposit on Terrace 1, tentatively interpreted as a relic of prehistoric Nile floods that must have reached as high as 10 metres above the present level of the Nile inundation, and the confirmation of the considerable size of the burial ground on Terrace 3, where 26 primary inhumations and 21 groups of more or less articulated human bones appertaining to a still unspecified number of individuals have been uncovered so far. Further examples of scarce remains of grave goods were found with three individuals (stone tools, bones of a large mammal, beads of ostrich eggshell and red quartz). We suppose Mesolithic dating for most of the burials, but a Neolithic date is more likely in the case of the burial of a child with stone beads found in the uppermost stratigraphic position (indication of the continuity of the burial ground into the Neolithic). It is thus confirmed that Fox Hill stands out in many respects in the settlement structure of the western part of the Sabaloka Mountains and can constitute a source of data of extraordinary significance for addressing a number of issues of supra-regional importance.
CS
Mezi nejvýznamnější poznatky pokračujícího výzkumu lokality Liščí kopec v západní části pohoří Sabaloka patří nalezení rozsáhlých pozůstatků více než 1 m mocných souvrství na terase 1, předběžně interpretovaných jako relikt prehistorických nilských záplav dosahujících úrovně cca 10 m nad současnými záplavami. Neméně významné je potvrzení značné velikosti pohřebiště na terase 3, odkud dosud pochází 26 jedinců v primární poloze plus 21 skupin více či méně artikulovaných lidských kostí, které patří zatím neurčenému počtu jedinců. Byly rovněž nalezeny další ojedinělé pozůstatky pohřební výbavy u tří jedinců (kamenné nástroje, kosti velkého savce a korálky ze skořápek pštrosích vajec a červeného křemene). U většiny pohřbů předpokládáme datování do mezolitu, avšak dětský hrob s kamennými korálky v nejmladší stratigrafické pozici je pravděpodobně neolitického stáří (indicie pro kontinuitu pohřebiště do neolitu). Potvrzuje se tak, že tato lokalita v řadě ohledů vyniká v rámci sídlištní struktury celé západní části pohoří Sabaloka a že může být mimořádně významným zdrojem dat pro řešení otázek nadregionálního významu.
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