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EN
Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial plant, which originates from North America. Tubers are characterised by high nutritional and energy values and can therefore be a source of food for humans and animals. The interest in tubers of Helianthus tuberosus L. in the diet of man is primarily due to the content of inulin and fructooligosaccharides, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids in them. In addition, it is a plant that is not demanding in agrotechnical conditions. Hence, the interest in cultivation this plant has increased. The main objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of biochar on the average yield of tubers and some morphological characteristics of plants. The study was conducted in conditions of a field experiment in 2016 at the Experimental Station of the University of Agriculture in Kraków. Two varieties: ‘Albik’ and ‘Rubik’, were grown in the experiment with different fertilisation variants. Biochar from the coniferous wood industry and mineral fertilisers were used. The ‘Rubik’ variety yields better than the ‘Albik’ variety under tested soil conditions, and the combined use of biochar and the basic dose of mineral fertilisation gives the best yields in the cultivation of Jerusalem artichoke.
EN
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) has become an object of growing interest in recent years both as a food, feed and industrial raw material. Both the inulin-rich tubers and the above-ground part are suitable for direct use of this plant. The light-skinned tubers are readily used for culinary purposes in raw form as well as after processing. Also of great importance is the forage use of Jerusalem artichoke, whether in the form of tubers or, for example, stem silage, which can be fed to animals. On the other hand, the demand for carbohydrate-rich, renewable plant materials has made Jerusalem artichoke increasingly important as an energy source. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.), due to, among other things, its chemical composition, high yield of tubers and above-ground parts, and minimal cultivation requirements, is an attractive raw material for use in the food industry, pharmaceutical industry or for ethanol production, while at the same time all parts of the plant can be used.
PL
Topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus L.) stał się w ostatnich latach obiektem rosnącego zainteresowania jako surowiec spożywczy, paszowy i przemysłowy. Do bezpośredniego wykorzystania tej rośliny nadają się zarówno bulwy bogate we fruktany, jak i część nadziemna. Bulwy o jasnej skórce chętnie są wykorzystywane do celów kulinarnych w formie surowej, jak i po obróbce. Duże znaczenie ma także użytkowanie pastewne topinamburu, czy to w postaci bulw czy np. kiszonki z łodyg, którymi mogą być skarmiane zwierzęta. Natomiast zapotrzebowanie na bogate w węglowodany, odnawialne surowce roślinne spowodowało, że topinambur posiada coraz większe znaczenie jako źródło energii. Celem pracy było wykazanie, że topinambur ze względu m.in. na swój skład chemiczny, wysoką wydajność bulw i części nadziemnej, minimalne wymagania uprawowe, stanowi atrakcyjny surowiec do wykorzystania w przemyśle spożywczym, farmaceutycznym czy do produkcji etanolu, przy równoczesnej możliwości wykorzystania wszystkich części rośliny
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