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EN
The article discusses the memoirs of Moses Vasertsug (c. 1760–1832) – an extremely interesting historical source, brilliantly demonstrating processes and phenomena in Jewish society at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Vasertsug received a traditional religious education and performed related functions in Jewish communities, first in Pomerania (Karlino, Gryfino), and later in Greater Poland (Kórnik) and Mazovia (Płock). He continued to do so in the post-partition period, but the functions he performed took on a new, quasi-official character. The memoirs show the transformation of the previous occupations performed by the Jews, as well as the new opportunities for settlement and economic activity that opened up for them during the post-partition period. The memoirs also show that Jewish autobiographical writing is not necessarily the result of acculturation and departure from Jewish tradition.
EN
“Emancipatory” Jewish communities, able to emerge in Moravia and Austrian Silesia in the second half of the 19th century thanks to the emancipation of the Jews, had to address the issue of the traditional institution of the rabbinate when they were creating their own institutions. The author of this study researches the reasons which led to changes in the status of the rabbinate, from its unquestioning acceptance in the 1860s up to the complete rejection of this institution by Jewish religious municipalities; the efforts of the authorities to force religious municipalities to appoint rabbis. He further focuses upon the modernisation of the theological and also secular education and the diversification of the rabbis and the consequent question what type of rabbis emancipatory Jewish religious municipalities preferred to appoint and vice versa what type of rabbis were drawn to serve emancipated religious communities.
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