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EN
The article is inspired by Marcin Kącki’s reportage, Białystok. Biała siła czarna pamięć, which recovers the disturbing memory of Jewish population in Białystok and Podlasie region. The text aims at juxtaposing two theses. One, postulated by Kącki, claims that the local “failure” to remember does not stem from pre-war anti-semitism. The other, formulated by Tymothy Snyder, presupposes that placing a taboo on local Jewish past resulted from the fact that during the war the territory was subjugated to occupation by two military powers.
EN
This document presents the report of the Commissioner of the Government for the Jewish population in Poland, which includes the period from the establishment of the Office 8 August 1946 to 22 June 1947. The task of the Government Commissioner was to help in the reconstruction of the Jewish population in postwar Poland. The Commissioner was responsible for repatriation of the Jewish people assistance in gaining employment and qualifications. He also undertook activities connected with social welfare, education, as well as emigration. In his report he also referred to a wide diversity of Jewish population in terms of political and organizational issues. This document also contains information about the organization of the Commission Government Office, and its cooperation with the authorities of the State administration and the Jewish organizations in Poland.
EN
Denial of the Holocaust is a topic that is largely discussed and attracts public attention to this day. However, the language used when debating historical revisionism is oftentimes limited to the Jewish victims and survivors, while other groups, which were targeted during World War II, are regularly omitted from the discourse. The objective of this qualitative study is to establish what are the common patterns of two types of Holocaust denial – denial of the Jewish genocide and denial of the Roma genocide – and how these are treated by the international community. The findings of this research indicate that the deniers adhere to similar ideologies that result in questioning the existence of the Holocaust. The international community poses as an interesting case as the Roma genocide is not denied; however, its existence has been largely unacknowledged until a recent slight turn towards more equal treatment of survivors and victims in several countries.
EN
The author discusses attitudes of the Jewish population residing in Mińsk Mazowiecki and Kałuszyn (Mińsk Mazowiecki district, Warsaw Province) towards the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920. These attitudes took various forms and divided the Jews into three basic groups. The first group included collaborators and supporters of implementation of the new political system, with the help of the Red Army, mainly the communists and the leftwing Jewish youth participating in works of revolutionary committees. The second group included people uninterested in political issues, people showing indifferent attitudes towards these issues, who focused on the protection of their life and property. The third group consisted of all Jewish representing a patriotic attitude or showing solidarity with the attacked country, displaying an anti-Bolshevik attitude – mainly the orthodoxy and the assimilators, the so-called Poles of Mosaic faith. These groups divided in such a way, also differed in terms of their number within a particular city, which resulted from political tradition and the professional structure of the Jewish population residing there.
PL
Autor omawia postawy ludności żydowskiej zamieszkałej w Mińsku Mazowieckim i Kałuszynie (pow. Mińsk Mazowiecki, woj. warszawskie) wobec wojny polsko-bolszewickiej 1920 roku. Postawy te przybierały różne formy i dzieliły Żydów na trzy podstawowe grupy. Do pierwszej należeli kolaboranci i zwolennicy wprowadzania nowego ustroju z pomocą Armii Czerwonej, głównie komuniści oraz lewicowa młodzież żydowska uczestnicząca w pracach komitetów rewolucyjnych. Druga grupa obejmowała osoby niezainteresowane sprawami politycznymi, osoby wykazujące obojętny stosunek do tych spraw, które skupiały się na ochronie swojego życia i mienia. Trzecią grupę stanowili wszyscy Żydzi reprezentujący postawę patriotyczną lub solidaryzujący się z napadniętym krajem, przejawiający postawę antybolszewicką – głównie ortodoksi i asymilatorzy, tzw. Polacy wyznania mojżeszowego. Tak podzielone grupy różniły się także liczebnością w obrębie danego miasta, co wynikało z tradycji politycznej i struktury zawodowej zamieszkującej je ludności żydowskiej.
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