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EN
Two opposing opinions about “the Maccabees” feature in the homily On Eleazar and the Seven Boys. According to the homilist, “the Maccabees” can be recognized as martyrs; yet, many others fail to see it. The construction of this conflict relies heavily on another confrontation identifiable in the same text: a dialogue between the homilist and “the Jew”, who thinks differently and, in the opinion of the homilist, incorrectly. These tensions in the source may be taken to reflect “identity-political” issues of the time and evaluated accordingly. My analysis challenges this view by emphasizing how difficult it is to reconstruct historical encounters between persons/groups based on such a source. I suggest, instead, that the conflict and dialogue should be considered parallel examples of how, in the context of late antiquity, a Christian intellectual mind conceptualizes “difference” (of opinions or between identities) and how it deals with it. The analysis shows that the homilist’s argumentation is built on seemingly commonsensical or authoritative fair-to-all “facts”. Yet, interactions with others provide the homilist with ways to govern and re-produce those very facts. Rather than social struggles, the interactions reflect and represent the level of otherness contained in the discourse of the homilist.
PL
Artykuł, po krótkiej prezentacji problemów w relacjach między żydami i chrześcijanami w ciągu dwusetletniej historii, omawia najważniejsze wydarzenia i dokumenty, które do tej pory tworzyły dialog katolicko-żydowski. Dialog ustanowiony formalnie za pontyfikatu świętego papieża Jana XXIII zbiegł się z celebracją II Soboru Watykańskiego i nasilił w okresie posoborowym. Piękno i rosnąca głębia przedstawionych dokumentów oraz rzeczywistość wspólnej pracy na rzecz dzieł miłości w wielu krajach świadczą o tym, że ten dialog i zbliżenie między narodem żydowskim a Kościołem Chrystusa ma ogromne znaczenie dla ludzkości.
EN
The article, after a short presentation of the problems in Christian – Jewish relation in last two hundred years of history, touches on the most important events and documents dedicated to the Catholic-Jewish dialogue. Such dialogue has been formally established during the pontificate of Pope John XXIII, and coincided with the celebration of the Second Vatican Council and has been intensified in the post-conciliar period. The beauty and growing depth of the presented documents and the reality of the common work towards the love and charity in various countries are the testimony that the above dialogue and rapprochement between Jewish nation and Catholic Church has been of great significance to the humankind.
ES
El artículo, después de una breve presentación de la problemática en las relaciones entre judíos y cristianos a lo largo de su historia bimilenaria, hace un recorrido por los principales acontecimientos y documentos que hasta ahora ha producido el diálogo católico-judío. Un diálogo que se instituyó de forma oficial en el pontificado del santo papa Juan XXIII, que se consolidó con la celebración del Concilio Vaticano II y se ha intensificado en el tiempo postconciliar. La belleza y creciente profundidad de los documentos producidos, y la realidad de una vida compartida a favor de obras de caridad en muchos países, dan fe de que este diálogo y acercamiento entre el pueblo judío y la Iglesia de Cristo es de suma importancia para la humanidad.
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