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EN
Nowadays people are more and more concerned about the future and the end of the world. The vision of the End of Times in Joachim of Fiore’s apocalyptic conception presents one of the most interesting interpretations of the end of the world in relation to events and historical figures and presents an attempt to look into the future made by the 12th-century Calabyan Abbot Joachim of Fiore on the basis of the book of the Holy Bible, especially the Apocalypse of Saint John. The purpos of the thesis is to introduce the reader to the very form of the medieval exeget – Joachim of Fiore as well as the concept of tripartite and interpretation of history in the Trinitarian context created by him. In the light of the concept mentioned above, the vision of the Calabyan Abbot was presented regarding the end of times, preceded by an explanation of exegetical methods used by the abbot (especially biblical typology and the principle of compatibility of both Testaments in relation to the entire history of the Chosen People and Christianity). The thesis also presents a comparison of the convergent historiosophic concepts of Joachim of Fiore and Saint Augustine of Hippo. The thesis contains both Latin fragments of Joachim’s manuscripts and translations of them into Polish. Annex show translated testament of Joachim of Fiore, proving his faithfulness to the authority of the Catholic Church.
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EN
The article attempts to outline the major theological concepts of history by great medieval exegete Joachim of Fiore, it reflects his apocalyptic experience of that time and describes the main features and methodology of his exegesis. Moreover, the article documents, based on the description of Joachim, apocalyptic expressions in the writings of John Huss; it also examines the possible influence of prophecies and tries to answer the question whether it is possible to find any signs of the influence of Joachim of Fiore, or his disciples, on the John Huss’s work.
EN
Joachim of Fiore (1135-1202) – a Middle Age exegete and mystic – is the author of an impressive work on the vision of history, whose most renown ele­ment is the tertius status, i.e. the age of the Holy Spirit which precedes the end of the world and the Final Judgment. As an author, Joachim was also interested in the history of religious life in the Middle Ages and in various exegetical tools which he developed to analyze this subject. In his works, especially the minor ones, he also discusses practical problems related to religious life in the 12th century. The small tractate, Questio de Maria Magdalena et Maria sorore Lazari et Marthae, has been preserved in a single 13th century manuscript and is kept in the Biblioteca Antoniana in Padua. In his exegesis on various Gospel passages which deal with the anointing of Jesus’ feet and head in Galilee and Bethany, Joachim of Fiore intends to show that the actions of women who performed this gesture pos­sess a hidden moral significance: the certainty concerning the internal unity that occurs between contemplation and the virtue of humility. An example of this unity is Mary of Bethany who anointed the feet of Jesus and wiped them with her hair (cf. Jn 12:3) as a person who is humble and – at the same time – given to contem­plation. Still – according to Joachim – as a righteous person, she had the right to reach for the head of the Savior.
EN
The paper focuses on the apocalyptic elements of the work Arbor vitae crucifixae Iesu by the Spiritual Franciscan Ubertino of Casale. It specifically pays attention to Ubertino’s explanation of the Apocalypse within the historical context where he interpreted certain living persons as bearers of the label of apocalyptic enemies. The paper introduces Ubertino’s concept of the theology of history, presents his source of inspiration, and explains the originality of the concept. Apart from direct quotations from the Arbor vitae, the paper also contains a brief biography of Ubertino of Casale.
EN
The article addresses the interpretation of the dialogue between the mother of Jesus and the Son (John 2:3-4) in "Tractatus super quatuor evangelia" by Joachim of Fiore (1135-1202). The analysis starts from an overview of the source, its main lines of argumentation, the popularity of this work in the Middle Ages and the controversies it aroused. The paper employs an analytical and comparative method. The analysis of the patristic sources, the literature on the subject and the comparison of the content of the main source, namely the "Tractatus super quatuor evangelia", with the content of selected works of Joachim of Fiore, lead to the conclusion that as far as Joachim’s exegesis of Jn 2:3-4 is concerned, we can speak of the genuine innovativeness of this medieval author, rooted in his original vision of history. The article refers to the exegesis of this fragment of the Gospel according to St John, as seen in Gaudentius of Brescia and St Augustine. In Joachim’s interpretation, the mother of Jesus appears above all as the herald of the forthcoming spiritual Church (ecclesia spiritalis), and her request to the Son sets in motion the historical process of the spiritualisation of the Church and the world, which, according to Joachim, is to precede the Second Coming. Joachim’s view of Jn 2:3-4 is an interesting example of the creative reception of the exegesis of the Church Fathers and the interpretative approaches they developed which were adopted in the Middle Ages.
PL
W artykule podjęto problem interpretacji dialogu Matki Jezusa z Synem (J 2, 3-4) w "Tractatus super quatuor evangelia" Joachima z Fiore (1135-1202). Przeprowadzona analiza wychodzi od charakterystyki źródła, głównych linii prowadzonej w nim argumentacji, popularności tego dzieła w średniowieczu, a także kontrowersji, jakie wzbudzało. W artykule zastosowano metodę analityczną i porównawczą. Analiza źródeł patrystycznych, literatury przedmiotu oraz porównanie treści zawartych w głównym źródle, czyli "Tractatus super quatuor evangelia", z treścią wybranych dzieł Joachima z Fiore, pozwala na stwierdzenie, że w przypadku Joachimowej egzegezy J 2, 3-4 możemy mówić o autentycznym nowatorstwie widocznym u tego średniowiecznego autora i osadzonym w jego oryginalnej wizji dziejów. W artykule sięgnięto do egzegezy tego fragmentu ewangelii według św. Jana widocznej u Gaudencjusza z Brescii i św. Augustyna. Matka Jezusa w Joachimowej interpretacji jawi się przede wszystkim jako zapowiedź mającego dopiero nadejść duchowego Kościoła (ecclesia spiritalis), a jej prośba do Syna oznacza uruchomienie dziejowego procesu spirytualizacji Kościoła i świata, która ma – zdaniem Joachima – poprzedzić paruzję. Joachimowe spojrzenie na J 2, 3-4 jest interesującym przykładem twórczej recepcji egzegezy Ojców Kościoła oraz wypracowanych przez nich i przyjętych w średniowieczu rozwiązań interpretacyjnych.
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