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EN
Our article is an attempt to compare opinions on the causes of the global economic crisis of 1929–1934, as well as to express the ethical consequences that result from the comparison of opinions. First of all, we tried to present several intellectual responses to the causes of the crisis, as well as their evaluation. We were most interested in those authors who either consider the corrective interventions of the state as a legal entity in the macroeconomics to be desirable or, conversely, harmful. We have largely focused on the conflicting views of John Maynard Keynes and Milton Friedman, but we have also touched on other positions. Finally, we have expressed an opinion on the ethical consequences that are linked to the mentioned adversarial views. We have carefully tried to express the view that at least some state intervention in the economy is necessary, as the market is not omnipotent at the macroeconomic level.
EN
John Maynard Keynes was not only one of the most significant economists of the last one hundred years, but he also played a tremendous part in shaping contemporary views of the political system and functioning of the state, especially in the United States and in Great Britain. Keynes’ concepts influenced, in particular, the development of numerous regulations in the field of financial law and public economic law, which referred, among others, to the financial market, central banking, public procurement, or income taxation. However, Keynes’ thought was not limited only to macroeconomics. It also encompassed the fields of philosophy, political sciences, logic, and even literary studies. His views were shaped, on the one hand, as a result of scientific and academic work, and, on the other hand, they were influenced by his experiences in the British government and in the business world. The aim of this article is to look comprehensively at the development of Keynes’ political and legal ideas (contained primarily in his writings) and their impact on his macroeconomic concepts, and thus on a considerable part of the doctrinal foundations of modern legal state interventionism in the economy.
PL
John Maynard Keynes był nie tylko jednym z najbardziej znaczących ekonomistów ostatnich stu lat, ale odegrał też ogromną rolę w ukształtowaniu współczesnych poglądów na ustrój i funkcjonowanie państwa - zwłaszcza w USA i Wielkiej Brytanii. Koncepcje Keynesa wpłynęły w szczególności na rozwój wielu regulacji z zakresu prawa finansowego i prawa publicznego gospodarczego, odnoszących się m.in. do rynku finansowego, bankowości centralnej, zamówień publicznych czy opodatkowania dochodowego. Myśl samego Keynesa nie ograniczała się jednak tylko do makroekonomii – obejmowała również pola filozofii, politologii, logiki, a nawet literaturoznawstwa. Jego poglądy kształtowały się z jednej strony jako rezultat pracy naukowej i akademickiej, z drugiej zaś miały na nią wpływ jego doświadczenia w administracji brytyjskiej i w świecie biznesu. Celem artykułu jest kompleksowe spojrzenie na rozwój idei polityczno-prawnych Keynesa (zawartych przede wszystkim w jego pismach) oraz ich wpływu na tworzone przez niego koncepcje makroekonomiczne − a tym samym na niemałą część doktrynalnych podstaw współczesnej prawnej ingerencji państwa w gospodarkę.
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