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EN
This article deals with the poetry of Julije Benešić (his collection Istrgnuti listovi – Torn Pages) in the context of Croatian modernist poetry based on three assumptions: the first, deductive one is that Benešić’s literary, literary-historical, theatrical and public personality is a potential metonymy of the entire Croatian culture of the first two decades of the 20th century; the second, literary-historical assumption is that the choice to use free verse can be read as a counter-modernist gesture against rationalism and structure of rhymed verse of Croatian modernist poetry; third, from the cultural-historical point of view, it is assumed that Benešić’s poetical profile is a reflection of his counter-modernist attitude that was shaped beyond the dominant poetical practices of modernism. The goal of this presentation is as much a cultural-historical as it is a literary-historical one, aimed at proving a thesis by which a small poetical contribution by Julije Benešić is synecdoche for the condition and the atmosphere of Croatian culture of the late modernism and the first interwar years. The notion of counter-modernism is historiographically restricted here and encompasses Benešić’s disputing statements in relation with the dominant paradigm in synchrony with the modernist period. The choice of free verse is understood as a statement of notion about the restraints of the poetics of rhymed verse of Croatian modernism. Since free verse was not part of the canon at the time, Benešić tried to use it to legitimize his own work and democratize the system of poetical competencies.
EN
The material substrate for the article are the reminiscences of that Croatian writer and philologist, published in book form in 1985. The article deals with the following aspects of activity of Julije Benešić during his stay in Warsaw from 1930 to 1938: teaching a Croatian language course at the University of Warsaw, contacts with Polish and Slavic scholars (mainly linguists), contacts with Polish writers and artists, the Yugoslavian Library and statements about translations and translators, Croatian grammar together with a Croatian‑Polish dictionary, popularisation of knowledge about the Panslavic activities of Juraj Križanić (1618–1683), statements about difficulties faced by Poles in learning and understanding Croatian and Serbian. The multi‑faceted activity of J. Benešić in Poland and his accompanying observations enrich our knowledge on the history of Slavic studies in the inter‑war period.
PL
In the article, the image of Polish democracy/autocracy during the Second Republic has been reconstructed. The subject of the analysis were the autobiographical notes entitled Osam godina u Varšavi written by Julije Benešić who stayed in Warsaw in the years 1930–1938 as a delegate of the Yugoslavian Department of Eductaion and Science. From his currently updated notes, a picture of Poland emerged as a state in which the basic civil rights were regularly broken including those guaranteed by the Constitution. The most glaring examples of the non-democratic actions regarded the problems of the national minorities (specifically the Polish-Ukrainian and Polish-Jewish relationships) as well as the prisons for the political opponents (Bereza Kartuska and Brześć). What is more, the observations made by the Croatian translator, writer and linguist illuminate in the form of interesting conotations the Polish mentality.
PL
Being a private form of communication, personal letters are usually not written to be published. The act of their publication, therefore, may be considered as somewhat voyeuristic. However, since the authors of the correspondence in this contribution – Julije Benešić and Zdenka Marković – are two public figures of great importance not only in Croatian literary and cultural context, but also in the promotion of Croatian Polish studies as well as intercultural relations between Croatia and Poland in the first half of the twentieth century, we believe that its printing is justified. Their correspondence may be considered as an interesting addition to the facts about their lives and work that can be found in different research papers and books published so far, providing insight in the inner world of thoughts and emotions they shared.
HR
Tijekom cijeloga svojega filoloskoga vijeka Julije Benesić prevodio je sustavno dvije vrste tekstova: remek-djela kanonskih poljskih pisaca (nad kojima je radio godinama i stalno ih prepravljao), smatrajući to svojim najvaźnijim knjiżevnim i kulturno- posrednickim poslom, no preveo je i niz kraćih djela, u hrvatskoj sredini slabije poznatih autora, kojima se bavio iz polonofilskoga nagnuća. U prevoditeljskom opusu posebno mjesto ima Poljska lirika, hrestomatija pet stoljeća poljske knjizevnosti, pothvat kojim je ujedinio i ostvario sve prevodilacke ciljeve, komunikacijske, pragmaticne, estetske i spo- znajne. Uza predgovor u zbirci, za razumijevanje Beneśićeva pogleda na povijest poljske knjiżevnosti vażni su i njegovi clanci u danas raritetnoj zbirci Danasnja Poljska, napose Poljska knjizevnost u borbi za slobodu i Slavenska ideja u Poljaka, te clanak Nacionalizam i patriotizam u knjizevnosti. Polazeći od pretpostavke da se ne może precijeniti vażnost Beneśićeve uloge u hrvatsko-poljskim vezama, pokuśat će se donijeti zakljucak, na temelju navedenih tekstova, u kojoj je mjeri Beneśićev prevoditeljski izbor i povjesnicarski posao u kulturnom posredovanju uspio, odnosno je li korespondirao s temama vażnima za hrvatsko knjiżevno i druśtveno okrużenje, i njegova, meduratnoga, i naśega doba.
EN
During his entire work in philology Julije Beneśić had systematically translated two types of texts: masterpieces of canonical Polish authors (on which he had worked for years, constantly rewriting them), considering them to be his most important work as an author and as a cultural mediator, however he also translated a series of shorter works of authors who were not famous in Croatia, which he undertook out of his polo- nophilic tendencies. In his work as a translator, Polish Lyricism, a chrestomathy spanning five centuries of Polish literature, holds a special place. It is an undertaking that united and achieved all translational goals, communicative, pragmatic, aesthetic and cognitive. Along with the preface to this collection, for a better understanding of Beneśics view on the history of Polish literature, his articles in a hard-to-find collection Poland Today are also important, especially Polish Literature in the Struggle for Freedom and Slavic Idea among the Poles, as well as the article Nationalism and Patriotism in Literature. Starting with the assumption that Beneśics role in Croatian-Polish connections cannot be overestimated, we will try to come to a conclusion, based on the aforementioned texts, to what extent were Beneśić’s choice as a translator and his work as a historian successful, i.e. did they correspond with topics important to the entire croatian literary and social environment of his, interwar, period, as well as our own period.
EN
Julije Benešć’s correspondence with Polish scholars, people of culture, writers, and numerous acquaintances and friends began in his school years and lasted until his death. A large collection of letters and postcards sent to him by Poles has been collected in the HAZU library in Zagreb, but unfortunately it has not yet been put in order, and some items have been lost. The materials in the collection were only collected in the form of a list prepared by Ivan Meden in 1978. This text presents letters from Maria Kuncewiczowa, which provide information about the relations of Polish writers with the Croatian popularizer of their works and about the writer’s perception of the Polish literary scene in the years 1920s.
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