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Koncepcja twórczości Władysława Tatarkiewicza a twórcze źródło

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Siwiec M. K.

Filo-Sofija

2011

vol. 11

issue 2-3(13-14)

573-590

In the essay – which consists of the three parts – the author tries to show Władysław Tatarkiewicz’s views on problems of the creativity as a basis to considerations on the creative source. In the first part the author outlines a point of view of a creator such as an artist, a poet, a composer. In the second part we can see the author sketching the problems of creativity and the creator itself. At the beginning he focuses on the Tatarkiewicz’s programme of pluralistic aesthetics with important discerning notions of aesthetics explicite and aesthetics implicite. The latter relates to works of art and the aesthetics views of the artists which can be found within. Afterwards he discusses main notions of the creator and the creativity i.e. poetic creativity, divine creativity, artistic creativity, human creativity. More carefully he examines contemporary approach of the creativity by Tatarkiewicz and analyses two criteria of it: high level of a novelty and a large outlay of an intellectual energy. The author notices a certain difficulty of the approach, namely a repetition of the intellectual energy in both criteria, yet he proposes a solution to the issue: first criterion relates to potential energy as a certain possibility, whereas the second relates to energy effectively implemented by the creator. He also discusses relation between the creativity and culture. In the third part the author approaches the problems of the creative source. He discusses views of Karl Jaspers, Barbara Skarga and Georg Simmel. In the conclusion the author defines the creative source as a task and a way of the creator. He points out that Tatarkiewicz’s view can be good groundwork to developing further considerations on the issue of the creative source.

Moralne i religijne aspekty życia politycznego. Karl Jaspers a szkoła Joachima Rittera

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Kożuchowski J.

Filo-Sofija

2012

vol. 12

issue 1(16)

149-164

The first section of the paper seeks to establish the relevance of religious and moral issues in Karl Jaspers’ and Joachim Ritter’s philosophy. It outlines in detail Jaspers’ views on politics. In his prolific works on the subject Jaspers drew primarily on the thinking of Immanuel Kant, Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche. As a recognized exponent of existentialism, Karl Jaspers was preoccupied with the moral grounds of politics, but he denied their fundamental role in that sphere of life. He claimed that the choices that meet the criteria of permanent, existential authenticity are far more important, as they reveal the true nature of a human being. The paper analyses Jaspers’ romantic approach to ultimate situations, i.e. challenges. It presents in more detail Lübbe’s view, who thought the German psychiatrist’s philosophical and political views were deeply permeated with moralism. Jasper’s view on the insignificance of religion in politics may strike as controversial for an existential philosopher. His contribution to the democratization process of the young German republic and the authenticity of his views are indisputable, however. The second section of the paper analyses the approach to moral and religious aspects of politics represented by Joachim Ritter and his followers. It stresses the importance of the sources that shaped Ritter’s view on that issue. Aristotle’s political philosophy is one of them. It is of foremost importance when it comes to understanding and interpretation of present political reality in ethical categories. In Ritter’s opinion, law takes precedence over subjective, ethical convictions. Therefore, Ritter’s proponents consider Hegel’s political philosophy as the second main source that shaped their views. At the same time they acknowledge the necessity of common sense approach in democracy. Religion is perceived as a fundamental component of social life. All attempts to deprive religion of its leading role result in acts of terror and cultural devastation. Religion in politics is deemed more important than morality. This political vision significantly contributed to the legitimization of the rising democracy in Western Germany and the formation of liberal-conservative movement.

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2 Filo-Sofija

1 Kożuchowski J.

1 Siwiec M. K.

1 2012

1 2011

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Koncepcja twórczości Władysława Tatarkiewicza a twórcze źródło

Moralne i religijne aspekty życia politycznego. Karl Jaspers a szkoła Joachima Rittera