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SKLENÉ KORÁLIKY KYJATICKEJ KULTÚRY

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EN
The paper deals with the glass beads of Kyjatice culture. This paper summarizes and interprets the glass beads from the two cremation burial grounds (Dvorníky-Včeláre, Radzovce) and from the cave (Háj-Kostrová) from the south of the Middle and East Slovakia.
Študijné zvesti
|
2022
|
vol. 69
|
issue 1
113 – 126
EN
The article deals with the names of selected archaeological sites of the Kyjatice culture or selected fortified features with polycultural settlement which are concentrated in the south of Central Slovakia and the adjacent area of Northern Hungary. The authors derive the origin of the Slavic word pohan in the toponyms of Pohanský hrad, Pohanský vrch from the Latin expression pāgānus meaning rural or village, which is related to the Latin word pāgus – village. With regard to the time of origin, a contemporary semantic phenomenon – village castle – is petrified in the names of Pohanský hrad, Pohanský vrch (Hungarian Pogányvár, Pogány-hegy, English Pagan castle, Pagan hill). When named by means of Slavic vocabulary, with their localization and function, these pagan castles were different from the medieval castles which were also built in the country, but in a different era, different social structures and fulfilled functions correspondent with the time of their origin and prospering. The article is motivating and has a further ambition to consider the relation between the Pre-Christian onymic features and their names by words from a later culture. The names of Pohanský hrad, Pohanský vrch had basic functions of proper nouns when they were created in the Slavic language environment and its nearest vicinity – identification, orientation, denomination and reference, i.e. expressing relations of those features to an extinct social identity. In this case, it is related to the population of the Urnfield culture or protohistory.
EN
The locality is situated in the southwestern Slovakia, in the cadastre of Žitavany-Kňažice, district Zlaté Moravce, at the foothill of Čertov vrch, which is the part of Pohronský Inovec. An archaeological research of cremation burial ground was realised there from 1979 to 1983. The site was found by field survey. The research was done by two cooperating institutions: Nitra National Museum and the Archaeological Institute. 77 graves were excavated. The burial site belongs to the sphere of Lusatian Urnfield culture, but it has distinct manifestations of Middle-Danube Urnfield culture. The presence of elements of South-eastern Urnfield culture, which occurred sporadically, is also the new information. The grave inventory enables dating of site to the end of the late Bronze Age (HA2) and to the beginning of the final Bronze Age (HB1). The frontier between three big cultural spheres – Lusatian culture at the north, Middle-Danube Urnfield culture at the south and the southwest and Southeastern Urnfield culture at the southeast and the south was present at the territory of Slovakia. The relationships between them are most visible in the southwest Slovakia. Evaluated burial ground, on which elements of all of cultural spheres expressed themselves, enables the examination of their relationship.
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