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Turystyka w sowieckich Karpatach. Infrastruktura noclegowa dla turystyki kwalifikowanej w latach 70. i 80. XX wieku na obszarze Karpat Wschodnich (obwody lwowski i iwanofrankowski)

100%

Quirini-Popławski Ł., Kudła N., Rytynski M.

Turyzm

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2019

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vol. 29

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issue 2

119-128

PL

Artykuł jest poświęcony problemowi badawczemu deskrypcji elementów bazy noclegowej dla turystyki kwalifikowanej na terytorium północnego skłonu Karpat Wschodnich w granicach dawnej Ukraińskiej Socjalistycznej Republiki Radzieckiej, w tym jej typów, rozmieszczenia i wielkości. Charakterystyce poddano okres lat 70. i 80. XX w., który uważany jest za złote czasy rozwoju turystyki w Związku Radzieckim. W wyniku analizy dokonano identyfikacji 51 obiektów, w których, w połowie lat 80., było blisko 7,3 tys. miejsc noclegowych. Był to szczytowy okres zagospodarowania tego obszaru.

2

Wciąż terra incognita? Turystyka górska w Karpatach Wschodnich w okresie autonomii galicyjskiej

72%

Dabrowski P. M.

Góry, Literatura, Kultura

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2018

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vol. 12

237-249

EN

Early mountain climbing in the distant, expansive, and wild Eastern Carpathians in a far corner of Galicia (then part of Austria-Hungary, today in Ukraine) looked rather different from that practiced in the Tatra mountains. This is attested to by the near universal use of the services of the local Hutsul highlanders with their horses in order to cover the greater distances from the piedmont localities, reachable by carriage or railway, to the mountain peaks. The present article — based on descriptions of expeditions in newspapers and specialized journals, books, and memoirs — considers the experience of various individuals and groups that conquered or attempted to conquer the peaks of Czarnohora from about 1873 to to the first years of the 20th century. Among the climbers of the period one finds Tatra Society activists, students from the Galician capital of Lwów/Lemberg/L’viv, as well as a young Scotchwoman. Among other things, the article analyzes the challenges of the expeditions and the motivation and impressions of the participants in order to better understand why, despite the passage of time as well as the experiences of earlier mountain climbers, the peaks of Czarnohora in this period long remained only lightly frequented.

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Transgresyjna „europeizacja” karpackiej puszczy: rozwój uzdrowisk na Huculszczyźnie przed pierwszą wojną światową

72%

Dabrowski P. M.

Góry, Literatura, Kultura

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2017

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vol. 11

267-274

EN

The development of resorts and spas in the Hutsul region before World War I has been a blank spot in Polish and Ukrainian historiography. This chapter presents the state of current research. Development in the region began for good after 1894, the year the Stanisławów-Körösmezö railway was opened. Built by the Austrian authorities with military and strategic aims in mind, the railway nonetheless made this beautiful but wild borderland region accessible to masses of guests from the cities of Eastern Galicia who sought to breathe the fresh highland air, take baths of various kinds as well as relax and vacation. This chapter focuses on the activities of a series of entrepreneurial individuals who revolutionized the region by building villas and hotels, establishing restaurants and stores as well as supplying the high-altitude resorts with the necessary infrastructure — whatever was needed to create resorts on a “European” level. This rapid “europeanization” of the Carpathian wilderness was transgressive in that it violated the status quo and turned local norms upside down. This had implications for ethnic relations in the region, with Ukrainians and Hutsuls as well as Poles, Jews and Germans involved.

4

Górale huculscy w wojskowej propagandzie na rzecz przysposobienia społeczeństwa do wojny u schyłku Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (Wybrane problemy badawcze)

51%

Kasprzyk A.

Res Historica

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2019

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issue 48

EN

The article discusses research findings on issues related to the preparations for defending the country taken at the end of the 1930s by the leadership of the Polish armed forces. Although the current historiography contains a great number of studies and articles dealing with this subject, the impression is that the role played by military propaganda in these preparations received too little emphasis. Propaganda for the defence of the state was intended to include as many citizens of Polish society as possible, also from ethnically and geographically diverse backgrounds. Therefore, the article contains an analysis of extensive propaganda activities, which after 1935 were implemented by the Polish military authorities in the face of the growing threat of war, carried out mainly on the basis of archives from the resources of the Central Military Archives (Centralne Archiwum Wojskowe) in Warsaw. The essence of the discussion is the question why the military authorities of that time insisted that highlanders living in the Eastern Carpathians, primarily the Hutsuls, be involved in the defence preparations of the country. In the first place, propaganda measures were considered, with the help of which the army's leadership tried to influence the civilian population. Trying to explain why the use of the most effective propaganda tools, such as the press, radio and sound film turned out to be ineffective towards highlanders living in the furthest corners of the Carpathians, among other things, the lack of a well-developed communication network in that area was indicated. It was established that in the present situation the military authorities managed to involve the Hutsuls, Lemkos and Boykos in the life of the current state only thanks to the annual organisation of the ‘Mountain Festival’. The celebrations organised in order to unite all highlanders who lived in the territory of the Polish state were also conducive to carrying out effective military activities by the armed forces against the Polish population most distant from civilisation. Research has shown that this type of activities was of great importance for the development of the situation in the Eastern Lesser Poland dominated by Ukrainian nationalists. Attention was drawn to the extremely valuable assets of the Hutsul region. It was an exceptionally attractive area in terms of tourism, sports and health. Thus, it had the chance to attract crowds of tourists from all over the country, which would strengthen the Polish element in the whole region. Hutsuls, however, were sceptical about the Ukrainian national movement, which made the army's leadership recognise them as an element easy to bind with the Polish state. Thereby, the inhabitants of the Hutsul region could be a counterbalance to the anti-state Ukrainian movement in Eastern Lesser Poland – an area of strategic importance! Unfortunately, advanced and properly conducted works were interrupted by the outbreak of the Second World War.

PL

Druga połowa lat trzydziestych upływała pod znakiem nasilającego się zagrożenia wojennego. Władze wojskowe Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej usiłowały objąć propagandą na rzecz obrony kraju, zróżnicowane pod wieloma względami społeczeństwo polskie. Z powodu napiętej sytuacji w Małopolsce Wschodniej, kierownictwu sił zbrojnych bardzo zależało, aby w przygotowania wojenne zaangażować górali zamieszkujących najdalsze zakątki Karpat, w szczególności Hucułów. Brak odpowiednio rozbudowanej sieci komunikacyjnej na terenie Karpat Wschodnich, nie pozwolił na zastosowanie najskuteczniejszych narzędzi propagandowych, jakimi wówczas były prasa, radio oraz film dźwiękowy. Zainteresowanie sprawami państwa wśród Hucułów, Łemków i Bojków – górali najbardziej oddalonych od cywilizacji, wzbudziło dopiero organizowane co roku (1935–1938) „Święto Gór”. Współpraca górali huculskich z armią, ułatwiała walkę z antypaństwowym ruchem ukraińskim w Małopolsce Wschodniej. Do wzmocnienia polskości w tym regionie przyczynić się miało również odpowiednie wykorzystanie nieocenionych walorów Huculszczyzny.

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2 Góry, Literatura, Kultura

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1 Kasprzyk A.

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1 Quirini-Popławski Ł.

1 Rytynski M.

2 2019

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Turystyka w sowieckich Karpatach. Infrastruktura noclegowa dla turystyki kwalifikowanej w latach 70. i 80. XX wieku na obszarze Karpat Wschodnich (obwody lwowski i iwanofrankowski)

Wciąż terra incognita? Turystyka górska w Karpatach Wschodnich w okresie autonomii galicyjskiej

Transgresyjna „europeizacja” karpackiej puszczy: rozwój uzdrowisk na Huculszczyźnie przed pierwszą wojną światową

Górale huculscy w wojskowej propagandzie na rzecz przysposobienia społeczeństwa do wojny u schyłku Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (Wybrane problemy badawcze)