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Artykuł jest próbą interpretacji literackiego świadectwa konwersji lubelskiego medyka Kaspra Wilkowskiego, który w kwietniu 1583 porzucił zbór antytrynitarski i przyjął katolicyzm. Uzasadnienie tej decyzji oraz ostrą polemikę z dawnymi współwyznawcami konwertyta zawarł w dziełach "Przyczyny nawrócenia do wiary powszechnej od sekt nowokrzczeńców samosateńskich" (1583) oraz "Dziesięć mocnych dowodów […] Edmunda Kampiana Societatis Iesu. Z łacińskiego na polski język z pilnością przetłumaczone […] A przy tym na Antidotum kalwińskie odpowiedź i z nowokrzczeńcami rozprawa z strony „Przyczyn nawrócenia” Gaspra Wilkowskiego" (1584). Obie książki są wyrazem odrzucenia dawnych błędów i manifestacją przynależności do nowej wspólnoty wyznaniowej, która – jak to nieraz bywało w wypadku literatury konwersyjnej – staje się pośrednim współautorem tekstów, a na pewno teologicznym oparciem dla przedstawionej w nich argumentacji. Zależność ta jest widoczna nie tylko w bezpośrednich zapożyczeniach z dzieł katolickich polemistów (co wytknął Wilkowskiemu jeden z jego głównych adwersarzy, Jan Niemojewski), ale przede wszystkim w wykorzystaniu schematów logicznych fideistycznego sceptycyzmu, ważnych dla ówczesnej kontrowersjalistyki jezuickiej.
EN
The article is an attempt at interpreting a literary testimony of a Lublin medic Kasper Wilkowski who in April 1583 abandoned the anti-Trinitarian community to join the Catholic one. Justification of the convert’s decision and fierce polemics with his old coreligionists is found in two works “Przyczyny nawrócenia do wiary powszechnej od sekt nowokrzczeńców samosateńskich” (“Reasons for Conversion to the Universal Faith from the Sect of Samosatene Anabaptists”, 1583) and “Dziesięć mocnych dowodów […] Edmunda Kampiana Societatis Iesu. Z łacińskiego na polski język z pilnością przetłumaczone […]. A przy tym na Antidotum kalwińskie odpowiedź i z nowokrzczeńcami rozprawa z strony »Przyczyn nawrócenia« Gaspra Wilkowskiego” („Ten Strong Reasons”, 1584). Both books are an expression of rejecting old mistakes and manifestation of belonging to the new religious community which, as often was the case of literature on conversion, becomes an indirect co-author of texts, and certainly a theological support to the argumentation they present. The dependency is visible not only in direct borrowings from Catholic polemists’ works (which was pointed out to Wilkowski by one of his chief adversary, Jan Niemojewski), but first and foremost in employing the logical schemes of fideistic scepticism vital for the then Jesuit controversy.
EN
The article presents Old Polish reactions to the famous Jesuit mission in England of 1580, and thus also the beginnings of formation of the worship of St Edmund Campion in Poland. They are connected with the publication in Krakow (1583) of a translation of Robert Persons account entitled De persecutione Anglicana, but also with the position that the history of Campion’s mission took in the work of Piotr Skarga SJ. The Polish writer, showing a lively interest in what is going on with English Catholics and inspiring political interventions in support of Jesuits imprisoned in England (including his subordinate, the Vilnius professor James Bosgrave), in subsequent editions of his very popular hagiographic collection Żywoty świętych (The Lives of Saints) presented Przydatek […] o świętych męczennikach (A Supplement […] on Saint Martyrs) that was several times modified, and in it a paragraph O męczennikach w Anglijej (On Martyrs in England). Its basic part was constituted by – starting with the 1585 edition – the story of St Edmund Campion, St Ralph Sherwin and Alexander Briant’s mission and martyrdom, which was a free adaptation of the narration contained in Concertatio Ecclesiae Catholicae in Anglia by John Fenn and John Gibson (1583). Skarga's interest in the figure of Campion was also reflected in the Polish translation of Rationes decem (1583) that he made at the request of King Stefan Batory. It may be said that Rationes decem (also published in Latin in 1605) became one of the fundamental apologetic texts in Poland at the early-modern age, and St Edmund Campion, in a sense, became the patron of controversial theology, which would find its confirmation in the 18th century adaptation of Nicholas Sanders and Edward Rishton’s work De origine ac progressu schismatic Anglicani (1748) written by Jan Poszakowski.
EN
The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne 61 (2013), issue 2. The article presents Polish reactions to the famous Jesuit mission in England of 1580, and thus also the beginnings of the formation of the worship of St Edmund Campion in Poland. They are connected with the publication in Kraków (1583) of a translation of Robert Persons’ account entitled De persecutione Anglicana, but also with the position that the history of Campion’s mission took in the work of Piotr Skarga SJ. The Polish writer, showing a lively interest in what was going on with English Catholics and inspiring political interventions in support of Jesuits imprisoned in England (including his subordinate, the Vilnius professor James Bosgrave), in subsequent editions of his very popular hagiographic collection Żywoty świętych [The Lives of Saints] presented Przydatek […] o świętych męczennikach [A Supplement […] on Saint Martyrs] which was modified several times, and in it a paragraph titled O męczennikach w Anglijej [On Martyrs in England]. Its most basic part consisted of—starting with the 1585 edition—the story of St Edmund Campion, St Ralph Sherwin and Alexander Briant’s mission and martyrdom, which was a free adaptation of the narration contained in Concertatio Ecclesiae Catholicae in Anglia by John Fenn and John Gibson (1583). Skarga’s interest in the figure of Campion was also reflected in the Polish translation of Rationes decem (1583) that he made at the request of King Stephen Báthory. It may be said that Rationes decem (also published in Latin in 1605) became one of the fundamental apologetic texts in Poland of the early-modern age, and St Edmund Campion, in a sense, became the patron of controversial theology, which would find its confirmation in the 18th century adaptation of Nicholas Sanders and Edward Rishton’s work De origine ac progressu schismatis Anglicani (1748) written by Jan Poszakowski.
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