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Officina Historiae
|
2021
|
vol. 4
|
issue 1
9-14
EN
The article presents the dynastic policy of the Jagiellonians towards the Kingdom of Bohemia. I show Jan Długosz's attitude towards the assumption of the Czech throne by the Jagiellons, offered by the Hussite legation. It illustrates the perception of the ruler and his surroundings of the events related to the Hussite revolution in the Czech Kingdom.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia politykę dynastyczną Jagiellonów, ukierunkowaną w stronę Królestwa Czech. Ukazuje stosunek Jana Długosza do objęcia przez Jagiellonów tronu czeskiego, oferowanego przez poselstwo husyckie. Obrazuje postrzeganie władcy oraz jego otoczenia wydarzeń związanych z rewolucją husycką w Królestwie Czeskim.
EN
The document issued contains the permission of Casimir IV Jagiellon to build a water supply system in the town of Biecz. This source is important for the history of waterworks in Poland, as well as for the economic history of Biecz. The edition was prepared following the recommendations included in the draft of Adam Wolff’s publishing instruction, taking into account the solutions introduced in the most recent source publications.
PL
Wydawany dokument dotyczy zezwolenia Kazimierza Jagiellończyka na budowę wodociągu w mieście Biecz. Źródło to jest ważne dla historii wodociągów w Polsce, a także do dziejów gospodarczych Biecza. Edycja została dokonana według zaleceń projektu instrukcji wydawniczej Adama Wolffa z uwzględnieniem rozwiązań zastosowanych w najnowszych wydawnictwach źródłowych.
EN
The article is an excerpt from a larger work devoted to calling by title of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland in the years 1386–1572. In the previous article the author took up the Mazovian and Rutheanian titulary of the Jagiellonian dynasty, the present one is devoted to the Prussian and connected with this one of Chełmno (Culm, Kulm), Elblag (Elbing), Königsberg, Sambia and Michałów. The Prussian (Prussiae) titulature in Casimir’s Royal Chancellery appeared for the first time in a record from March 6th, 1454 in which he incorporated all of Teutonic Order lands to the Polish Crown. Full title of Casimir IV Jagiellon in the act of incorporation was as follows: nos Kazimirus Dei gracia rex Poloniae necnon Cracovie, Sandomirie, Siradie, Lancicie, Cuyavie, magnus dux Lithuanie, Russie, Prussieque, Culmensis, Konigsbergensis, Elbingensis et Pomeranie terrarum dominus et heres. The acts that were drawn up in German contained the following Prussian titulature: konig zcu Polan, groszfurste zcu Littawen, obirster erbeling in Reuszen und Preuszen Hertzog, and the privileges: konig zcu Polan, Crocawser, Czewdmischer, Czerischer, Lanksznyczer und Koyszer, grosforste in Littauwen, in Rewszen un in Prewszen, Colmischer, Elbinscher, Konigsberischer und in der lande Pomerellen herre und erbeling etc. Titulature of Chełmno and Elblag regions is to be found in the royal papers (since 1454.): rex Poloniae Nenon terrarum Cracouiae, Sandomiriae, Siradiae, Lanciciae, Cujauiae, magnus dux Lithwaniae, Russiae, Prussiae ac Culmemsis, Elbingensis et Pomeraniae dominus et haeres etc. As for the titulary from Königsberg (Konigsbergensis), we find it only in the years 1454–1464. Under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn (1466) Königsberg remained in the Teutonic Order. The restitutionary titulature from Königsberg disappeared. Following the incorporation of the lands of the Teutonic Order to Poland only in individual cases the titulature from Sambia (Samen) and Michałów (Michaleviensis) regions was present. Until the end of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, all Polish kings in their acts and privileges used the Prussian title. At the same time. The titulature of Chełmno and Elblag became irregular after 1572 too and finally disappeared in the Polish Royal Chancellery.
PL
Prezentowany artykuł jest fragmentem większej pracy poświęconej intytulacji Jagiellonów, dynastii panującej w Polsce w latach 1386-1572. W opublikowanym wcześniej artykule zająłem się tytulaturę mazowiecką i ruską Jagiellonów, obecny zaś prezentuje tytulaturę ruską oraz z nią zawiązane: chełmińską, elbląską, królewiecką, sambijską i michałowską. Tytulatura pruska (Prussiae) w kancelarii Kazimierza Jagiellończyka pojawiła się po raz pierwszy w dokumencie z 6 III 1454 r., w którym Kazimierz Jagiellończyk inkorporował wszystkie ziemie krzyżackie do Korony. Pełna intytulacja Kazimierza Jagiellończyka w akcie inkorporacji ma brzmienie: nos Kazimirus Dei gracia rex Poloniae necnon Cracovie, Sandomirie, Siradie, Lancicie, Cuyavie, magnus dux Lithuanie Russie, Prussieque Culmensis, Konigsbergensis, Elbingensis et Pomeranie terrarum dominus et heres. W dokumentach sporządzonych w języku niemieckim tytulatura pruska występuje w formie: konig zcu Polan, groszfurste zcu Littawen, obirster erbeling in Reuszen und Preuszen Hertzog, zaś w przywilejach: konig zcu Polan, Crocawser, Czewdmischer, Czerischer, Lanksznyczer und Koyszer, grosforste in Littauwen, in Rewszen un in Prewszen, Colmischer, Elbinscher, Konigsberischer und in Pomerellen der lande herre und erbeling etc. Tytulatura chełmińska i elbląska występuje (od 1454 r.) na większości dokumentów wieczystych Kazimierza Jagiellończyka: rex Poloniae, nenon terrarum Cracouiae, Sandomiriae, Siradiae, Lanciciae, Cujauiae, magnus dux Lithwaniae, Russiae, Prussiae ac Culmemsis, Elbingensis et Pomeraniae dominus et haeres etc. Jeśli chodzi o tytulaturę królewiecką (Konigsberg, Konigsbergensis), to spotykamy ją tylko w latach 1454-1464. Na mocy postanowień traktatu toruńskiego (1466) Królewiec pozostał we władaniu zakonu krzyżackiego. Zniknęła także roszczeniowa tytulatura królewiecka. Po inkorporacji ziem zakonu krzyżackiego do Korony tylko w pojedynczych przypadkach na dokumentach wieczystych występuje tytulatura sambijska (Samen) i michałowska (Michaleviensis). Do końca trwania I Rzeczypospolitej wszyscy polscy królowie na dokumentach i przywilejach używali tytułu pruskiego. Natomiast tytulatura chełmińska i elbląska występuje (po 1572) nieregularnie i znika z czasem z polskiej kancelarii królewskiej.
EN
The article is an excerpt from a larger work devoted to calling by title of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland in the years 1386–1572. In the previous article the author took up the Mazovian and Rutheanian titulary of the Jagiellonian dynasty, the present one is devoted to the Prussian and connected with this one of Chełmno (Culm, Kulm), Elblag (Elbing), Königsberg, Sambia and Michałów. The Prussian (Prussiae) titulature in Casimir’s Royal Chancellery appeared for the first time in a record from March 6th, 1454 in which he incorporated all of Teutonic Order lands to the Polish Crown. Full title of Casimir IV Jagiellon in the act of incorporation was as follows: nos Kazimirus Dei gracia rex Poloniae necnon Cracovie, Sandomirie, Siradie, Lancicie, Cuyavie, magnus dux Lithuanie, Russie, Prussieque, Culmensis, Konigsbergensis, Elbingensis et Pomeranie terrarum dominus et heres. The acts that were drawn up in German contained the following Prussian titulature: konig zcu Polan, groszfurste zcu Littawen, obirster erbeling in Reuszen und Preuszen Hertzog, and the privileges: konig zcu Polan, Crocawser, Czewdmischer, Czerischer, Lanksznyczer und Koyszer, grosforste in Littauwen, in Rewszen un in Prewszen, Colmischer, Elbinscher, Konigsberischer und in der lande Pomerellen herre und erbeling etc. Titulature of Chełmno and Elblag regions is to be found in the royal papers (since 1454.): rex Poloniae Nenon terrarum Cracouiae, Sandomiriae, Siradiae, Lanciciae, Cujauiae, magnus dux Lithwaniae, Russiae, Prussiae ac Culmemsis, Elbingensis et Pomeraniae dominus et haeres etc. As for the titulary from Königsberg (Konigsbergensis), we find it only in the years 1454–1464. Under the provisions of the Second Peace of Thorn (1466) Königsberg remained in the Teutonic Order. The restitutionary titulature from Königsberg disappeared. Following the incorporation of the lands of the Teutonic Order to Poland only in individual cases the titulature from Sambia (Samen) and Michałów (Michaleviensis) regions was present. Until the end of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, all Polish kings in their acts and privileges used the Prussian title. At the same time. The titulature of Chełmno and Elblag became irregular after 1572 too and finally disappeared in the Polish Royal Chancellery.
EN
An intensive development of Polish parliamentarism took place in the 15th century; the composition, procedures and competence scope of the General Sejm (Polish parliament) were being established, an example of which may be the principle that the Polish gentry was to be represented in Parliament by elected deputies – two from each land. Among the numerous regulations established at all kinds of conventions which took place in the early period of Polish parliamentarism, there were issues devoted to cities and town dwellers. Among them, one should mention, among others, regulations relating to trade and trade routes, those counteracting the high costs of life, changes relating to the principles of court proceedings, and taxes. Numerous regulations had to be reevaluated and reconsidered at successive parliamentary sessions, also in the 16th century, which testifies to the fact that due to the resistance of the townsfolk, the regulations passed by the sejm, had not been applied. Yet the overall evaluation of parliamentary legislation dating back to the early period of Polish parliamentarism, does not allow one to conclude that this legislation was unequivocally anti-urban. Numerous laws and regulations which had been passed in the interest of the gentry were also favorable to the townsmen.
EN
In the last two decades of the 15th century, the function of the castellan of Spycimierz was entrusted to the king’s courtiers: Rafał Leszczyński, Mikołaj Bronowski, Mikołaj Lubrański and Jan Jarand Brudzewski. They were members of the court equestrian company that was part of the private court of the kings of Poland. This text is based on analyzed source material, which made it possible to trace their court and clerical careers before and after serving as the castellan of Spycimierz.
PL
W ostatnich dwóch dekadach XV w. urząd kasztelana spycimierskiego powierzany był dworzanom konnym władców Polski Kazimierza Jagiellończyka i Jana Olbrachta. Urząd kasztelana sprawowali wówczas między innymi: Rafał Leszczyński, Mikołaj Bronowski, Mikołaj Lubrański i Jan Jarand Brudzewski. Wchodzili oni w skład chorągwi nadwornej i tworzyli tym samym bezpośrednie otoczenie monarchów. Sprawując funkcje dworzan konnych, należeli do osobistego oddziału królewskiego, prowadząc swoje konne poczty.
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