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1
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„Wieczna braterska przyjaźń”. Oficjalna wizyta Kim Il Sunga w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej w maju 1984 roku

100%
Szyc S.
Komunizm: system – ludzie - dokumentacja
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2013
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issue 2
109-121
EN
The main idea of this article was to present the course and character of the official visit of Kim Il Sung who was a leader of Korean Peoples Democratic Republic, in Poland in may 1984. Till 1989 Polish–Korean relations could be recognized as close. Poland as one of the first countries considered the existence of North Korea on the field of international relations. Both countries cooperated with each other not only on the political and economic ground but also cultural. Kim Il Sung travelled around socialist states, moreover, he visited Poland in 1984 when his mail goal was an attempt to negotiate the higher price of financial and material help given to Korea by Poland.
2
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Questioning North Korea’s digraphic inflection point: Kim Il Sung’s 1964 and 1966 conversations with linguists reconsidered

71%
Strnad W.
Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia
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2021
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vol. 21
263-281
EN
Kim Il Sung’s 1964 and 1966 conversations with linguists are appropriately deemed important as the establishment of the North’s “cultured language” as a standard, as well as guidance related to language purification and script. In the analysis of inflection point related to language planning and policy in the North, is the often guidance on re-enshrinement of teaching “Chinese characters” (hanja) in North Korean education. Clearly this was official pronouncement of functional, synchronic digraphia, which has been preserved and operationalized down to the present. Scholarship on these conversations, amounting to policy guidance, attribute the shift in policy related to script as an inflection point. The author of this article concurs with its importance, but with respect to digraphia in the North, the conversations related to hanja instruction served as a confirmation for what was a broad trend in North Korean language planning during the years 1953-1964, a language planning and policy  fait accompli, diminishing the portrayal of the conversations as a digraphic inflection point in North Korea.
3
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Juche ideology in Africa: its origins & development

71%
Dobrzeniecki I.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
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2019
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issue 32
117-138
EN
During the decolonisation of Africa between the 1950s and 1960s, the newly independent countries looked for state-building ideas. Africa in this period of history was also a battleground of ideologies, which were represented by the Global Powers – the US and western states; the USSR and its allies, such as North Korea.2 Due to some aspects of socialism, like anti-imperialism and anti-colonialism, these kind of ideologies found fertile ground. One of them was also the Juche, which was promoted by North Korea. During many years until today many offshoots of this ideology have taken root in Africa.
4
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Wojciech Jaruzelski, Kim Il Sung i zbliżenie na linii PRL-KRLD w latach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku

63%
Hańderek M.
Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość
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2023
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vol. 41
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issue 1
184-207
EN
The article’s author shows how Wojciech Jaruzelski’s direct contacts with Kim Il Sung affected the state of relations between communist Poland and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. Jaruzelski first travelled to North Korea in 1977 and it seems that his positive attitude towards the country began to take shape after this visit. Indeed, in the conclusion of his report, he recommended deepening multifaceted cooperation with North Korea. In the 1980s, as the PRL leader, he was already shaping national policy towards Pyongyang. In 1984, he received Kim Il Sung in Poland, and in 1986 he travelled to North Korea as the only First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers’ Party in the history of communist Poland to do so. He was highly feted there and signed a friendship and cooperation treaty, formally raising relations with the DPRK to the highest possible level. Under his leadership, Poland responded positively to almost all initiatives from the North Korean authorities, resulting in very intensive bilateral contacts in the second half of the 1980s. These contacts were only curtailed as a result of the democratic changes initiated in Poland in 1989.
PL
Autor artykułu pokazuje, jak bezpośrednie kontakty Wojciecha Jaruzelskiego z Kim Il Sungiem przełożyły się na stan stosunków między komunistyczną Polską i Koreańską Republiką Ludowo-Demokratyczną. Jaruzelski po raz pierwszy pojechał do Korei Północnej w 1977 r. i wydaje się, że po tej wizycie zaczął się kształtować jego pozytywny stosunek do tego kraju. W konkluzji swojego sprawozdania rekomendował bowiem pogłębianie wielopłaszczyznowej współpracy z Koreą Północną. W latach osiemdziesiątych, jako przywódca PRL, kształtował już politykę państwa wobec Pjongjangu. W 1984 r. przyjął w Polsce Kim Il Sunga, w roku 1986 zaś udał się do Korei Północnej jako jedyny w historii komunistycznej Polski I sekretarz KC PZPR. Był tam bardzo fetowany i podpisał układ o przyjaźni i współpracy, formalnie podnoszący stosunki z KRLD na najwyższy możliwy poziom. Polska pod jego kierownictwem odpowiadała pozytywnie na niemal wszystkie inicjatywy ze strony władz północnokoreańskich, co skutkowało bardzo intensywnymi kontaktami bilateralnymi w drugiej połowie lat osiemdziesiątych. Kontakty te zostały ograniczone dopiero wskutek przemian demokratycznych, zapoczątkowanych w Polsce w 1989 r.
5
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A historical approach to the leadership of the Organisation and Guidance Department of the Workers’ Party of Korea

54%
Levi N.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
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2019
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issue 32
99-116
EN
North Korean political organisations have produced a system which is automatically connected to the cult of the Kim family. The paper assumes that North Korea is ruled by an alliance of people affiliated with Kim Il-sung family and two political organisations – the Organisation and Guidance Department and the Personal Secretariat, both of which are sub-branches of the Party Central Committee.
6
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Chondoist Religion in North Korea: Selected Aspects

45%
Levi N.
Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne
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2023
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vol. 80
227-238
PL
Czondoizm to dwudziestowieczna koreańska religia panteistyczna, oparta na dziewiętnastowiecznym ruchu Tonghak. Pierwotnie czondoizm był uznawany za religię narodową Korei, w odróżnieniu od buddyzmu i chrześcijaństwa. Będąc ruchem patriotycznym, Czondoizm mógł się rozwinąć w Korei Północnej, kiedy ta została wyzwolona spod okupacji japońskiej (1910–1945). Pomimo charakteru reżimu północnokoreańskiego czondoizm jest nadal obecny w społeczeństwie Korei Północnej. Podobnie jak inne grupy religijne w Korei Północnej, dzisiejsza religia czondoistyczna służy celom politycznym w tym kraju, ponieważ Czondoistyczna Partia Czongu należy do Demokratycznego Frontu na rzecz Zjednoczenia Ojczyzny. Trudno też nie doceniać wpływu czondoizmu na społeczeństwo Korei Północnej.
EN
Chondoism is a 20th-century Korean pantheistic religion, based on the 19th-century Tonghak movement. Originally, Chondoism was recognized as the national religion of Korea, unlike Buddhism and Christianity. Being a patriotic movement, Chondoism was able to develop itself in North Korea when North Korea was liberated from the Japanese occupation (1910–1945). Despite the nature of the North Korean regime, Chondoism is still present in the North Korean society. Like other religious groups in North Korea, the Chondoist religion today serves political aims in this country as the Chondoist Chongu Party belongs to the Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea. On the other side, its influence cannot be neglected when understanding the society of North Korea.
7
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Kim Jong Il: a film director who ran a country

36%
Levi N.
Journal of Modern Science
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2015
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issue 2(25)
155-166
EN
Th e considered text aims at explaining the passion of the former North Korean leader Kim Jong Il (1942-2011) for cinema. Th e paper will proceed in three steps: Explaining the Cinema Passion of Kim Jong Il, outlining its realizations in North Korea. Th e third party will focus on the kidnapping of Choi Seun Hee and Shin Sang Ok. Kim Jong Il wanted that all fi lms were made according to the North Korean ideology for which he was responsible. Starting from the mid 1970’s, Kim Jong Il implemented cinema in his strategical polical approach through some of the political departments of the Korea Workers’ Party. North Korean movies were supposed to strengthen and legitimate the power of the Kim family and the image of North Korea abroad. As far as media were under the control of the state organization Kim Jong Il was a director, a producer, even a costume maker, a screenwriter, cameraman, a sound engineer and he was also seen as a fi lm theorist. What has to be enlighten is the fact that until the his death, Kim Jong Il was aff ected by cinema.
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