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Rejent
|
2023
|
issue 4 (384)
38-50
EN
The article is devoted to the functioning of a member of the governing body of a capital company. In particular, the issue of the term of office and the mandate held by him. These issues are regulated by the Code of Commercial Companies. Undoubtedly, the concepts of term of office and mandate are closely related. They are forms of the same phenomenon, which is the performance of duties and the exercise of the rights of a member of the management board. It should be emphasized that a person appointed to the management board begins his term of office and is granted the powers to perform the function of a management board member (mandate). In Polish law, the term of office of the management board is not always obligatory (e.g. in a limited liability company it is possible to appoint a member of the management board for an indefinite period). The mandate of a member of the management board arises when he or she is appointed to the composition of the management board in the manner specified in the articles of association. However, in the light of the views of the judiciary, it is permissible to renew the mandate per facta concludentia. The mandate expires as a result of death, resignation will also be dismissal of a member of the management board. The work also discusses disputes regarding the method of calculating the term of office of a member of the management board of a limited liability company. The dismissal of members of the management board is governed by the relevant provisions of the Commercial Companies Code.
EN
This article deals with the interpretation of the concept of “issuing binding orders” contained in Article 219 § 2 of the Code of Commercial Companies. This concept has been analyzed in terms of the application of the applicable regulation in practice. In the article, the greatest attention was focused on the possibility of influencing the management board by the supervisory board in matters of the basic functioning of the discussed form of commercial law company. Considering the adopted practice of a “strong” management board and a “weak” supervisory board, the author focused on analyzing Article 219 § 2 of the Commercial Companies Code in relation to the indicated practice and the admissibility of influencing the supervisory board on the management board’s activities regarding the conduct of the company’s affairs.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł porusza kwestie interpretacji pojęcia „wydawania wiążących poleceń” zawartego w art. 219 § 2 kodeksu spółek handlowych. Pojęcie to zostało przeanalizowane pod kątem stosowania w praktyce obowiązującej regulacji. W artykule największa uwaga została skupiona na możliwości wpływania na zarząd przez radę nadzorczą w kwestiach podstawowego funkcjonowania omawianej formy spółki prawa handlowego. Mając na względzie przyjętą praktykę „silnego” zarządu i „słabej” rady nadzorczej, Autor skupił się na przeanalizowaniu art. 219 § 2 k.s.h. w odniesieniu do wskazanej praktyki oraz dopuszczalności wpływania rady nadzorczej na działania zarządu odnośnie prowadzenia spraw spółki.
PL
Działalność architektoniczna podlega tym samym regułom, co inny rodzaj działalności gospodarczej. Sposób jej zorganizowania decyduje o sposobie odpowiedzialności za zobowiązania powstające w trakcie działalności. Dla działalności architektonicznej najlepszą formą jest spółka partnerska. Wykonujący tę działalność mogą prowadzić ją w innych formach, a mianowicie spółek osobowych innego rodzaju niż spółka partnerska i spółkach kapitałowych. Od formy organizacyjnej zależą zasady odpowiedzialności za zobowiązania w ramach działalności architektonicznej.
EN
Architectural business shall be subjected to the same rules as any other economic activity. The way it is organized determines the manner of the liability for the obligations undertaken during the activity. A limited liability partnership is the best option for an architectural company. It can also be run in different forms of partnership, as well as as joint-stock companies. The organizational form determines the principles of liability for the obligations within architectural businesses.
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