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Państwowe grono konserwatorów zabytków przedhistorycznych: ważny etap starań o opiekę nad zabytkami archeologicznymi

100%
Blombergowa M. M.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2015
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vol. 24
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issue 1(46)
45-84
EN
In the independent Polish state, conservation of archaeological monuments, as well as the works of art, architecture, nature or, generally speaking, national mementoes, was recognized as one the most important issues requiring urgent institutional and legal settlement. scientists and researchers from every annexed territory and numerous institutions, all shaped by university studies and long-standing experience, became involved in the work. In the field of care and conservation of monuments, quite important was the enactment of the decree “On Care of Monuments of Arts and Culture” by the Regency Council of the Kingdom of Poland, on October 31 1918. This decree contained a statement related to the state care of all monuments and description of the type of monuments being subject to protection. Afterwards it became a basis for appointment of a special institution responsible for monuments care in February 22 1920 – Temporary Presidium of the National Circle of Conservators of Prehistoric Monuments. The article discusses the organisation and rules of operation of the National Circle on the basis of legal acts and discussions taking place in the papers at that time. The importance of the activities of this small group of archaeologists for the history of conservation was demonstrated in the statement of Konrad Jażdżewski, author of the work Protection of Archaeological Monuments. A Historical Outline, Warsaw 1966: “Apart from the mentioned Presidium, it [The National Circle of Conservators of Prehistoric Monuments] was composed of 9 honorary conservators, 7 district conservators and several correspondents. Activities of this Circle during not so many years of its existence were extremely fruitful and were of fundamental significance, not only for the development of archaeological conservation in Poland but for the whole Polish archaeology in general. In addition to building from scratch a modern conservation service, which covered the territory of the whole state, and protection of prehistoric monuments on the areas until now mostly neglected in terms of their conservation, the Circle managed to bring about the creation of a central inventory of prehistoric monuments in Poland, to prepare legal acts concerning protection of these monuments, and to build the foundations of future state Archaeological Museum, as well as to publish ‘Archaeological news’ as the Circle’s organ.”
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Kwerenda źródeł kultury pucharów lejkowatych przeprowadzona przez Konrada Jażdżewskiego w 1931 roku na obszarze ówczesnej prowincji Pomorze

89%
Kowalski K.
Materiały Zachodniopomorskie
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2017
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vol. 13
9-34
EN
The article focuses on Konrad Jażdżewski’s trips abroad in the 1930s to conduct preliminary search for sources on the Funnel Beaker culture. A synthetic study required consideration of finds from the then German territories, including the Province of Pomerania.
3
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ŁOWY I DYPLOMACJA. LOSY WYWIEZIONYCH W 1940 R. ŁÓDZKICH ZABYTKÓW ETNOGRAFII POZAEUROPEJSKIEJ

75%
Cieślińska-Lobkowicz N.
Muzealnictwo
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2014
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vol. 55
146-161
EN
The issues discussed in this article are explored from the perspective of history and political science. Based on extensive archive materials, the author presents an obscure case of plundering museum objects in occupied Poland by the Nazis and postwar attempts of restituting those from two German States, and – after 1990 – from the united Germany. Moreover, the author demonstrates the attitude of directors of Polish museums and institutions where the objects were exported to. 1,300 ethnographic objects from outside Europe, mainly from South America and Africa, included in the collections of the Municipal Museum of Ethnography in Łódź were affected. During occupation, Litzmannstadt (German name of Łódź) was part of the so-called Reichsgau Wartheland annexed to Nazi Germany. Polish national and municipal property was immediately confiscated. Three museums in Łódź were jointly directed by Germans and harnessed to ideology proving i.a. “lifetime Germanic nature” of the occupied areas. Regarded as worthless, polonica were in danger of destroying. Regarded as useless, non-European etnographica were sold in 1942 for a little money to the museum collections in Leipzig (after 1949 in FRG), Hamburg, Cologne and Göttingen (after 1949 in FRG). In the 1960s, the former director of the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography in Łódź made attempts to reclaim exported objects; museum in Leipzig and other museums in FRG reacted in a different way. In 2012/2013, with the consent of Auswärtiges Amt in Berlin, the Institute of Ethnography of the University of Göttingen admitted that since 1943 it had 300 etnographica from Łódź. The author hopes that publication of this article will accelerate the restitution of those objects.
PL
Artykuł ma charakter historyczno-politologiczny. W oparciu o bogaty materiał archiwalny autorka przedstawia mało znany przypadek nazistowskiej grabieży muzealiów w okupowanej Polsce i powojenne próby ich restytucji z obydwu państw niemieckich, a po 1990 r. ze zjednoczonych Niemiec. Przy okazji pisze też o postawach kierowników polskiego muzeum i instytucji, do których zostały wywiezione. Chodzi o 1300 pozaeuropejskich zabytków etnograficznych, głównie z terenów Ameryki Południowej i Afryki, które należały do zbiorów Miejskiego Muzeum Etnograficznego w Łodzi. Okupowane miasto przemianowane na Litzmannstadt znalazło się w tzw. Kraju Warty przyłączonym do Rzeszy Niemieckiej. Polskie mienie państwowe i komunalne uległo natychmiast konfiskacie. Trzy muzea łódzkie znalazły się pod połączonym niemieckim kierownictwem i zostały wprzęgnięte w służbę ideologii, dowodzącej m.in. „odwiecznej germańskości” okupowanych terenów. Polonicom jako bezwartościowym groziło zniszczenie. Pozaeuropejskie etnographica uznane za zbyteczne, sprzedane zostały w 1942 r. za niewielką sumę do kolekcji muzealnych w Lipsku (po 1949 r w NRD), Hamburgu, Kolonii i Getyndze (po 1949 r. w RFN). Podjęte w latach 60. XX w. przez ówczesnego dyrektora Muzeum Archeologicznego i Etnograficznego w Łodzi próby odzyskania wywiezionych obiektów spotkały się z odmiennymi reakcjami w Lipsku (NRD) i w każdej z pozostałych trzech instytucji muzealnych w RFN. Instytut Etnologiczny Uniwersytetu w Getyndze dopiero w 2012/2013 r., za zgodą berlińskiego Auswärtiges Amt, zdecydował się upublicznić fakt posiadania od 1943 r. 300 łódzkich etnographiców. Autorka artykułu ma nadzieję, że jego publikacja przyczyni się do ich szybkiej restytucji.
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