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EN
Rural-urban areas are currently characterised by a high rate of economic development. One of the results of these changes is the inflow of urban populations, who are very different from the indigenous inhabitants. In spite of the move to a rural environment, they often preserve their customs and urban life styles; while, on the other hand, the indigenous inhabitants of rural areas tend to present traditional attitudes towards life. They are strongly attached to their land and identify with their place of residence. The author focuses on the attitudes expressed toward newcomers from Krakow and other metropolitan cities by the inhabitants of selected municipalities within the Krakow Metropolitan Area (KOM). The attitudes toward styles, ways of life, values, as well as preferences brought by the urban population were investigated.
EN
Metropolitan areas are the poles of economic growth of regions and countries. These areas are characterized by specific development cycles, which are related to the direction of population migrations. Accordingly, there is a phase of urbanisation, suburbanisation, disurbanisation and re-urbanisation. Studies show that most Polish metropolitan areas are undergoing the process of suburbanisation, which means the movement of population from the central city to its suburban area. This process entails a number of demographic, social and economic consequences. One of the main demographic consequences of suburbanisation is the change in the structure of the central city and its suburban area. The reason for this is the fact that migrations from the centre are usually undertaken by young people. Thus, the number of inhabitants of the central city declines and the population is ageing. Migrants from the city bring new patterns of social and demographic behaviour, which may be shown in, among others, the tendencies of indigenous people to change the traditional family model. This paper attempts to determine the reproductive behaviour patterns of the population of the Krakow Metropolitan Area (KMA) in the light of the survey. The surveys were conducted in selected KMA municipalities in 2013. The analysis of qualitative data, divided into two categories of respondents: immigrant and indigenous inhabitants, will give an answer to the question, what are the reproductive attitudes of the population and how they may affect the further development of these areas?
EN
Indicators describing the migration of population and revenues of local administrative units of the Krakow Metropolitan Area are presented and compared in this paper. A review of ideas on how to determine the number of Polish metropolitan statistical areas is also presented. The rank of Polish metropolitan statistical areas in world city rankings made by international publications is examined. Revenues of gminas from their own sources and total revenues of gminas are studied in the paper. Changes in revenue over time and location-dependent differences in revenue are analysed. However, the available data only allow for an examination of gminas without separating urban gminas from rural ones Substantial differences exist in the influx of revenue, both in terms of temporal and spatial changes. In order to summarise and evaluate the relevant social and economic processes, net migration of population and total revenue of gminas in the study area have been analysed. Furthermore, a classification of areas has been developed to describe the relevant areas as being of a certain type
PL
Krakowski Obszar Metropolitalny (KOM) funkcjonuje już ponad dekadę. Celem artykułu jest zmierzenie różnic w poziomie rozwoju gmin zaliczanych do KOM. Wykorzystano w tym celu zunitaryzowane dane statystyczne na poziomie gmin dotyczące zasobu mieszkaniowego, struktury demograficznej, ruchów ludności i stanu infrastruktury. Analiza wykazała istnienie znaczących różnic w rozwoju gmin położonych centralnie i na obrzeżach KOM. Oznacza to konieczność podjęcia działań prorozwojowych najsłabiej rozwiniętych gminach w celu zmniejszenia ryzyka powstawania enklaw biedy i włączenia ich w proces metropolizacji.
EN
Krakow Metropolitan Area (KMA) has been in existence for over a decade. The aim of this article is to measure the differences in the development of the municipalities constituting KMA. For this purpose, unitarised statistical data at the municipal level on the housing stock, demographic structure, population movements and the state of infrastructure were used. The analysis shows significant differences in the development of the municipalities located centrally and on the outskirts of KMA. This implies a necessity to take activities supporting the development of the least developed municipalities in order to reduce the risk of the formation of poverty enclaves and involve them in the metropolisation process.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problem zarządzania nieruchomościami publicznymi, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem specyfiki zarządzania nieruchomościami gmin w Polsce. W artykule dokonano analizy literatury przedmiotu, analizy raportów Najwyższej Izby Kontroli z lat 2012–2014 oraz przedstawiono wyniki badania ankietowego przeprowadzonego w 2016 roku w gminach należących do Krakowskiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego. Artykuł składa się z części teoretycznej, w której przedstawiono wyniki analizy literatury, oraz części empirycznej w której przedstawiono wyniki badań własnych. W zakończeniu zawarto najważniejsze uwagi metodyczne dotyczące części badawczej oraz propozycje kierunków dalszych badań.
EN
This paper addresses the issue of municipal real estate management, focusing on the disadvantages of management in the Polish public sector. The paper is based on the literature review, an analysis of the Polish Supreme Audit Office reports and on the results of a survey conducted among municipalities belonging to Krakow Metropolitan Area. The article is organised as follows. Firstly, the author provides a general overview of the main weaknesses of the municipal real estate management. Then, the paper presents an empirical analysis based on the survey research. Finally, the paper closes with a discussion of some methodological issues and recommendations for further study.
PL
Nasilający się od połowy lat 90. XX w. proces suburbanizacji i metropolizacji dużych miast Polski charakteryzuje się swoistymi przemianami społeczno-demograficznymi, wśród których jedną z najbardziej widocznych jest odwrócenie strumienia migracyjnego. Dominujący do początku lat 90. XX w. kierunek napływu z otaczających terenów wiejskich do miasta centralnego uległ odwróceniu i współcześnie dominuje odpływ z niego do stref zewnętrznych obszaru metropolitalnego. Migrują nie tylko mieszkańcy Krakowa, lecz także coraz częściej zakłady przemysłowe i usługowe, co prowadzi do rozwoju i różnicowania się powiązań funkcjonalno-przestrzennych w obrębie Krakowskiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego. Celem pracy jest zbadanie zmian skali i kierunków tych powiązań w obrębie KOM przy wykorzystaniu danych dotyczących dojazdów do pracy zebranych przez GUS dla 2006 i 2011 r. Badania zostały sfinansowane ze środków Narodowego Centrum Nauki przyznanych na podstawie decyzji numer DEC-2012/05/B/HS4/04200 w ramach projektu pt. Przekształcenia wybranych struktur społeczno-demograficznych Krakowskiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego.
EN
The processes of suburbanization and metropolization of major Polish cities which have intensified since mid-1990s are characterized by specific socio-demographic changes, among which one of the most visible is the reversal of the direction of migration. Until the early 1990s migration from the countryside to the city center prevailed, however at present the outflow to external zone of the metropolitan area dominates. Not only the people of Kraków migrate but also increasingly the shift of industrial and service sectors to suburban zone is observed, which leads to the development and differentiation of functional and spatial relationships within the KMA. The aim of the study is to examine changes in the scale and direction of these relationships within the Kraków Metropolitan Area using data on commuting collected by the Central Statistical Office for the years 2006 and 2011
PL
W niniejszym opracowaniu dokonano przeglądu koncepcji dotyczących określania liczby polskich ośrodków metropolitalnych oraz ich miejsca w hierarchiach opracowań światowych. Zbadano zależność pomiędzy dynamiką procesów migracyjnych (saldo migracji, napływ z miast, efektywność migracji) i dochodami własnymi i ogółem gmin. Przeanalizowano ich zmiany w czasie i przestrzeni. Wykazano, że silne procesy suburbanizacji zachodzą na całym badanym obszarze i nasilają się. W celu podsumowania procesów społeczno-gospodarczych wykonano typologię wykorzystującą współczynnik salda migracji ludności oraz dochody ogółem gmin badanego terenu. Jako podstawową jednostkę do analizy przepływów ludności zastosowano gminę w podziale na gminę miejską i wiejską.
EN
The paper analyzes selected social and economic indicators that affect the development of the Krakow Metropolitan Area. The city of Krakow is becoming increasingly more linked to other cities around the world and may become Poland’s second global city – after Warsaw. The city’s global connections have made it a point of interest in global economic analyses, which makes it even more metropolitan in nature. Krakow’s suburbs are expanding in most directions from the city proper. Residents leaving the city are moving not only to the first ring of townships around the city but also to the second ring. In addition to distance, easy road access plays a key role in the development of Krakow suburbs. Major arteries leading out of the city as well as motorway exits serve as hubs of suburban development. Finally, townships located in the distant corners of the Krakow Metropolitan Area are becoming increasingly more affluent and are starting to resemble townships directly adjacent to the city of Krakow.
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