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PL
Il primo capitolo del Libro del Siracide e dedicato alla Sapienza. Dopo la presentazione della Sapienza, il Saggio invita il suo discepolo/lettore ad acquistarla e a praticarla nella vita. Ben Sira, pero, non e idealista, percio mostra agli adepti della sua scuola le tentazioni, le difficołta e le prove che li aspettano sui sentieri della Sapienza. A questo tema viene dedicato il brano di Sir 2,1-6 che abbiamo intitolato "La fedelta durante la prova".Nella prima parte del suo poema (Sir 2,1-3), il Siracide da al suo discepolo/lettore che vuole avvicinarsi al Signore quattro consigli che riguardano la sua vita spirituale (Sir 2, 1b-2) e poi al tri due che si riferiscono al suo rapporto con Dio (2,3a). Il discepolo potra superare ogni prova soltanto se sara legato al Signore e sara costante. Per incoraggiare il suo discepolo, Ben Sira, in 2,3b, gli presenta il premio per la sua fedelta, cioe la sua crescita nella Sapienza alla fine dei suoi giomi.In Sir 2,4 inizia la seconda parte de l poema, che ha una struttura concentrica, sulla fedelta durante la prova. Ben Sira in modo particolare approfondisce il senso intero della prova. Nel versetto 5 il Maestro introduce un elemento nuovo nel suo insegnamento sulla fedelta durante la prova: una motivazione religiosa delia prova stessa. La metafora dell'oro che viene purificato nel fuoco serve al Siracide a mostrare che come nel fuoco si purifica il metallo, cosi Dio nel crogiuolo delia prova, che viene chiamata umiliazione, monda gli uomini che ama. Il discepolo puo crescere e maturare soltanto superando le prove. Cosi la prova diventa una possibilita di crescita nelia Sapienza.
PL
La littérature sapientiale de la Bible est centrée sur l’homme, sur sa conduite pratique de la vie individuelle, familiale et sociale. D’autre part pourtant, les livres sapientiaux dessignent l’image de l’homme qui – pour parvenir à la pleine réalisation de soi-même – ne peut pas se limiter à la dimension pratique de la vie. Ses propres efforts et l’expérience des âges créent une première dimension de la recherche de ce qui est bon pour l’homme. Certaines questions qui ne trouvent pas les réponses dans cette dimension ouvrent l’homme à une dimension nouvelle – cette de la foi. L’homme en tant que créature, est conduit à la vraie sagesse qui est plus intérieure - puisqu’elle commence avec la crainte de Dieu, et très concrète – puisqu’on la trouve dans le livre de l’alliance qui nous lie au Dieu très-haut (Sir 24,23). Voilà une accomplissement naturelle de la recherche de l’homme demandant où trouver la voie vers la vie accomplie, pleine et heureuse. La première partie de cet article nous offre l’analise des étapes de l’itinéraire de l’homme qui le conduit à la rencontre avec la Parole de Dieu.Dans la deuxième partie de l’article on nous propose la réflexions qui cherche à répondre à la question suivante: quelle est la relation entre le livre de l’alliance proposé comme source de la sagesse avec d’autres parties de la Bible, surtout avec cette partie du canon qu’on appelle la littérature de sagesse.
EN
The article constitutes an analysis of the statements concerning man’s wrath found in the Book of Sirach. The first part of the article is a synthetic overview of the teachings of the sapiential books concerning this issue. Subsequently, the semantic field of wrath in the Book of Sirach is analyzed (namely the words derived from the roots ὀργ, θυμ and μηνι), with special attention paid to the etymology of specific words expressing wrath (nouns, verbs and adjectives). Further, the article focuses on reasons for anger as presented by Sirach, as well as on characters in the text that are prone to wrath. The final section offers a discussion of the consequences of wrath, preventive measures against outbursts of rage, and steps that might be taken to shield oneself from the wrath of others.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie wypowiedzi Księgi Mądrości Syracha na temat gniewu człowieka. Na początku w sposób syntetyczny autor przedstawił nauczanie ksiąg mądrościowych na temat gniewu ludzkiego. Następnie omówił pole semantyczne gniewu w Syr (słowa pochodzące od rdzeni ὀργ, θυμ i μηνι) koncentrując się na etymologii poszczególnych słów wyrażających gniew (rzeczowników, czasowników oraz przymiotników). W dalszej części artykułu ukazał przyczyny gniewu, o których mówi Syrach oraz wskazał, kto według mędrca podlega gniewowi. Następnie przedstawił skutki gniewu według Syr, środki zaradcze, które pozwolą ustrzec się przed wybuchem gniewu, a na końcu wskazał, co należy czynić, aby ustrzec się gniewu ze strony innych ludzi.
EN
Biblical wisdom literature of Israel draws attention first of all because it deals with the life of person involved in the nearest environment. The books of wisdom don’t speak of big historical traditions of God’s people but they try to form a man to help him to adapt himself to the order established by God. The family, with a figure of father, is the first step of maturing on the way of wisdom. The father has a double responsibility: he is a master of wisdom and a tutor for his own son. He transfers a treasure of his expe­rience to his son. He leads him, sometimes with severity, to the future of happiness. The poem of the book of Sirach (30, 1-13) is a good example of that. We see here the wis­dom of father who is at the end of his own life and who has the unique desire: to see the son as his follower. Even if he is requiring, he does it for the good of his child. Making so he ends his life as a responsible master of wisdom.
The Biblical Annals
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2014
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vol. 4
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issue 1
57-96
EN
The article constitutes an analysis of the final pericope of the Book of the Wisdom of Sirach (Sir 51:13-30) in its Greek version. The text can be divided into two parts: in the first one (vv. 13-22) the author relates his personal experience of seeking and finding wisdom, while in the second part (vv. 23-30) he admonishes those who lack education to join his school and partake of the wisdom he himself has found. The wisdom the sage refers to is of a religious character (he asked for it in prayer – vv. 13b, 14a, 19c; it manifests itself in good deeds – v. 19b). Not only does the author make it clear in the first part of the pericope that the vital requirement for finding wisdom is to start early in life (vv. 13a, 15d), but he also explains the ways in which wisdom may be found (a human being should subordinate all spheres of life to finding it – vv. 13b, 14b, 15b, 19a, 21a). The pericope lists the means necessary to find wisdom (namely, purification – v. 20b, following the path of righteousness – v. 15c, striving for goodness – v. 18a, turning to wisdom – v. 20a, complying with the Law – v. 19b, listening – v. 16a, and repentance for the mistakes made – v. 19d) as well as mentions the gifts wisdom grants those who find it (joy – v. 15b, formation – v. 16b, heart, that is intellectual capabilities – v. 20c, language thanks to which one can praise God and share wisdom with others – v. 22a; all of these gifts are called a good possession – v. 21b). The sage emphasizes the fact that finding wisdom is not particularly difficult and does not require a tremendous effort (v. 16a), but searching for wisdom should be a constant part of life for those who wish to have it (they should never stop searching for it – v. 14b). In part two (vv. 23-30), which is of a didactic character, the sage encourages the uneducated to join his school so that he can share wisdom with them. The author admonishes those who – like him – desire wisdom to take advantage of his experience and undergo formation in his school. Sirach presents two ways leading to wisdom. The first one requires personal involvement in searching for it, whilst the second one entails taking possession of wisdom from someone who has already found it. In Sir 51:13-30 the author expresses great optimism concerning the possibility of finding and possessing wisdom. His position is at odds with the pessimism of the Book of Job and the Book of Ecclesiastes in this respect. The pericope under analysis here serves as a summary of the opinions expressed by the sage earlier in his book (cf. especially 6:18-37; 14:20 – 15:10; 24, 33:18-19). Together with Sir 1:1-10 it the frames the whole book and constitutes the recapitulation of the most significant theological aspects of Sirach’s text as well as a synthesis of his theology.
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EN
The problem of biblical instruction and education is present in various aspects in the Book of Ben Sirach. This book contains a synthesis of tradition of biblical Israel but also shows openness to many positive elements of the Greek culture. Ben Sirach proposes a model of education based on the solid foundation of the Law of God contained in Torah. This model, respected through the attitude of fear of God, leads to true divine wisdom. Man in this process remains free. He can accept or reject Sirach’s request for education. Accepting it he must be aware of the effort connected with the educational process and the goal this process should achieve. The process begins in adolescence although it will last for the rest of man’s life. The best model of education should be the very life of wise men, who by their attitude are the best invitation for prospective students.
The Biblical Annals
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2014
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vol. 4
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issue 2
397-449
EN
The present article discusses Sirach’s original concept of wisdom as presented in the first pericope of his book. It is argued that Sir 1:1-10 functions as the opening pericope that introduces the subject matter to be developed later in the book. The structure of the original version of Sir 1:1-10 (G-I) is lucid: the pericope can be divided into two halves of exactly the same length (verses 1-4 and 6-10). The textual additions in G-II recension disrupted the symmetry of the pericope but did not alter its meaning. The first part of the pericope focuses on the origins of wisdom and its relation to the created world, while the second part shows wisdom to be inaccessible in any other way than as God’s gift for his creatures, especially the people who love him. Sir 1:1-4 emphasizes the distance between wisdom and people, which is gradually reduced in the second part of the pericope (vv. 6-10). Due to God’s intervention wisdom is transformed from a distant and inaccessible entity to one close to human beings. As an intermediary between God and people, it brings people closer to God, yet it is not an inherent part of their nature, but rather Yahweh’s gift to them.
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