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1

The Most Important Attributes of Entrepreneurs. Case Study of the Environment of Czech SMEs.

100%
Belás J., Ključnikov A.
International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge
|
2016
|
vol. 4
|
issue 1
104-111
EN
The aim of this paper was to define and quantify the most important attributes of entrepreneurs in the segment of small and medium-sized enterprises. The partial objective was to compare the opinions of the entrepreneurs in relation to their gender, age and level of education. Scientific questions, defined in this paper, were verified through empirical research conducted in the Czech Republic in 2015 on a sample of 1,141 entrepreneurs. In our research, we found that entrepreneurs consider expertise, responsibility and perseverance to be the most important personal characteristics and skills. Propensity to risk and decisiveness are ranked right after them. The same group of three most important attributes is presented by all defined groups of entrepreneurs, which means that the assessment of the importance of these attributes remains the same regardless of gender, age and level of education of the entrepreneur. It is interesting that the weight of the expertise increases with the age of the entrepreneur. This trend is caused by the fact that men significantly more intensively presented this opinion. When evaluating the attitudes of entrepreneurs to other characteristics and skills no significant differences in relation to gender, age and education were identified.
2

Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Segment of Micro-Enterprises: Evidence from Czech Republic

72%
Civelek M., Rahman A., Kozubikova L.
International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge
|
2016
|
vol. 4
|
issue 1
72-89
EN
The objective of this comprehensive research is to identify and explore the dissimilarities of gender and education level of entrepreneurs and enterprises’ age with regards to entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in the segment of micro enterprises. All of the dimensions of EO are included such as innovativeness, risk taking, proactiveness, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy for our analysis. The data that we have used for this study, was collected by a structured questionnaire during 2015 in Czech Republic, and consists of 1141 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and 740 of them are defined as micro enterprises by using the definition of European Commission. The empirical results of our study indicates a that university educated micro-entrepreneurs are more innovative and autonomous comparing with lower educated micro-entrepreneurs and also younger micro firms are more innovative, risk taker and proactive than the older micro firms. However, our results do not show any significant differences between men and women in relation to the all components of EO. Our result can be explained by having higher percentage of university educated women micro entrepreneurs comparing with their men counterparts and education may have a substitution effect on the gender based differences in the segment of micro firms.
3
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Mechanizm funkcjonowania Wielkiej Brytanii i Polski w latach 2001–2013

58%
Lechowicz T., Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny K.
Gospodarka w Praktyce i Teorii
|
2014
|
vol. 3(36)
PL
Wadliwe mechanizmy funkcji przedstawionych w artykule, bez wątpienia, są bardzo ważne, szczególnie w warunkach kryzysu. Recesja nie tylko pokazała dysfunkcyjność tych działań, ale wykazała także niewłaściwe funkcjonowanie głównych instytucji, przede wszystkim Banku Centralnego Wielkiej Brytanii. Zastrzeżenia dotyczące BC dotyczą dwóch obszarów działalności. To opóźnienia przy standardowej akcji w polityce pieniężnej, które nawiązują przede wszystkim do polityki stóp procentowych w obliczu kryzysu gospodarczego, a także zwlekanie w wykorzystaniu niestandardowych mechanizmów, które składały się na nowe doświadczenia ilościowe polityki pieniężnej w obliczu kryzysu finansowego.
EN
Defective mechanisms of function presented in the article, without a doubt are a very important cause of its weaknesses, especially in the crisis conditions. Recession not only showed dysfunctional of these mechanisms, but also improper function of main institutions, primarily the Central Bank in Great Britain. Objections regarding this institution concern two areas of action. That is, delays in taking standard action in the monetary policy, concerning above all politics of interest rates in face of an economic crisis, as well as delays in taking custom action that consisted on quantitative relive of monetary policy in face of the financial crisis.
4
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Gospodarstwa domowe jako źródło finansowania nieruchomości w Polsce i w Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 2001–2013

58%
Lechowicz T., Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny K.
Gospodarka w Praktyce i Teorii
|
2014
|
vol. 4(37)
PL
Na gospodarstwach domowych odcisnęły swoje piętno problemy, które pojawiły się na rynkach finansowych i rynkach akcji. Konsekwencją kryzysu finansowego dla gospodarstw domowych były ograniczenia w udzielaniu kredytów przez banki oraz nagły wzrost cen nowych kredytów. Recesja, która powstała na rynkach akcji, zmniejszyła możliwości osiągnięcia dochodów inwestycyjnych. Szybkie załamanie rynku obligacji i akcji spowodowało ogromne straty dla osób inwestujących. Gospodarstwa domowe stanowią jedną z grup aktywnych inwestorów indywidualnych, ale z drugiej strony są uczestnikami funduszy inwestycyjnych. Oszczędności gospodarstw domowych były zdeponowane na giełdzie, więc w recesji straciły pieniądze – bezpośrednio lub za pośrednictwem funduszy inwestycyjnych.
EN
Households had to deal with problems that arise from the financial institutions and stock markets problems. A consequence of financial crisis on households was restriction in granting credits by the banks as well as sudden rise in prices of new credits. Another visible by households a consequence of recession was the collapse of stock market and institutions operating on this market. Recession destabilized the stock markets, thus reduced possibilities to achieve investment incomes. Quick collapse of the bond and shares market resulted in a huge losses to investors. Households form one of active groups of individual investors, however from the other side they are participants in investment funds. Household savings were deposited on the stock market, and at the time of stock market collapse the households lost money which were directed to stock market directly or through investment funds.
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