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ROMA LABELLING: POLICY AND ACADEMIA

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Marushiakova E., Popov V.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 4
385 - 418
EN
Groups of people who are all called by their surrounding population with different appellations, which is usually translated into English as “Gypsies” have lived for centuries in different countries of Central, South-Eastern and Eastern Europe In the last quarter of a century, instead of these names, a new common designation has been established in the region’s public discourse, based on their self-appellation “Roma”. The processes of labelling and imposition of the new name on these communities did not stop in this region, and the label “Roma” is increasingly spreading in the remaining parts of Europe and even beyond. This process of imposing “from above” of a “politically correct” labelling, however, has led to, for some perhaps unexpectedly, to others predictably, an impact on the field. Some local communities labelled today “Roma” started to demonstrate publicly their reluctance to comply with the designation imposed on them from the “outside”. The proposed article will reveal the historical sources of labelling of these communities and main dimensions of these contradictory processes. More generally the article will pose the question on the necessity for change in the relationship between academia on the one hand and the political ideology on the other. In other words, the question is about the main task and responsibility of academia – is it about examining the reality and bringing new knowledge, or presenting the reality according pre-defined norms?
2

HOW TO APPROACH (NON)RELIGION AND LABELLING CATEGORIES THAT CONTINUE TO BE FUZZY (THEORETICAL AND NUMERICAL TAKE OFF)

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Zachar Podolinská T., Majo J.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2022
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vol. 70
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issue 4
447 - 474
EN
With this kick-off essay we attempt to identify several approaches to the study of non-religion, with a focus on the European and American context. We attempt to outline the difficulties connected with labelling and the uncertain boundaries and multiplicity of interrelations between the spheres of religiosity, spirituality and non-religiosity. Our attention is focused on the social perception of the broader sphere of non-religiosity, with the complexity of the often stereotypical perception of this group. Practical reflections of non-religion are presented through the optics of quantitative data from selected countries and qualitative data, such as a brief outline of ethnographic research conducted in Slovakia in 2019–2021.The main idea of the contribution is to point out that without a redefinition of all labelling categories used to denote the profile of modern religiosity, spirituality and irreligiosity, we can hardly use the term “nones” in the proper sense. To make such a deep reflexive turn, we need to pay attention to qualitative research and focus on multi-sited ethnographies that can shed light on the shadowy places of current research and clarify not only labels but also our knowledge on what religion is and what roles it plays in modern societies.
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