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1

The temporary real effect of nominal shocks in a two-sector model of growth

100%
Benczur P.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2004
|
vol. 51
|
issue 2
101-126
EN
The author employs a two-sector growth model to examine the effects of various nominal shocks (fiscal or exchange-rate) on sectors and production factors. He starts from the Neoclassical model of a small, open economy that expands through gradual adjustment of capital and the role of the money supply ('money into utility'). Consequently, a nominal shock (fiscal expansion or appreciation of the nominal exchange rate) will increase momentary consumption (through the role of money), which raises the prices of services. (The short-term transformation curve is non-linear due to the gradual capital adjustment.) This alters the price of the production factors, the ratios of labour to capital, and the utilization of capital and labour for each sector. The high level of service prices raises domestic incomes, which retrospectively provides a basis for some of the initial excess demand. This mechanism means that nominal shocks will have a relatively long-lasting effect on real changes (relative prices, factor prices and capital accumulation) that dies down only gradually as the surplus money supply is dissipated (through a foreign trade deficit). There is also a parallel between the model and literature analysing disinflation on an exchange-rate basis.
2

LABOR AND CAPITAL: THEIR ROLE AND MUTUAL INFLUENCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION (Trud i capital: ikh rol' i vzaimovliyaniye v usloviyakh globalizatsii)

88%
Yatskov V. S., Soloviyov V. P.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2009
|
issue 2
16-24
EN
Specificity of the influence of main production factors on social relations are analyzed in the globalization context, on the assumption that globalization, apart from intensive economic growth in developed countries, evolves multiple problems of social origin. The globalized world radically changes economic relations, due to the newly emerging contradictions and development prospects, new forms of international cooperation and economic integration; the increasing role of intellectual factor; aggravation of problems within the system 'human - society - nature'. All the production factors (labor, resources, capital, entrepreneurship as an activity to enhance the efficiency of uses of the former three factors in production) are equally required for the development. But today 'distortions' within the system of production relations occur, due to the dictate of those who own resources and capital, as well as to interferences of power authorities. The latter seem to try to become the fifth factor of production, but in the result they only suppress the natural course of things in the production development, largely due to their wrong attitude to entrepreneurs. On the basis of the above assumptions, the real role of production factors in the national (Ukrainian) production is determined in view of the influence of power authorities.
3
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“Gut und Blut für’s Vaterland”: Habsburg Militarization Policy and the War Production Law of 1912

75%
Robertson J.
Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)
|
2011
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vol. 2
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issue 2
129-150
EN
This study examines the creation and legal operation of the 1912 War Production Law in the Habsburg Monarchy. This law formed the legal basis for the creation and operation of the Habsburg Monarchy’s industrial mobilization apparatus during the First World War. I argue that the creation of this law emerged as a compromise measure between the sclerotic rigidities of Habsburg policy-making and increasing security deficits in the late pre-war period. Lacking the ability to compensate for military weakness ante bellum through armaments programs or conscription due to the structure of Habsburg politics, the Habsburg government instead sought security ex post through enabling the coercion of industrial labor. This coercion took the form of the War Production Law, which most critically created a labor obligation on the part of all work-capable males between sixteen and fifty and granted to the state the right to seize and operate industrial concerns together with their workforces. This declaration of direct state control over industrial concerns and their workers, unlike the other belligerent powers in the First World War, occurred in peacetime rather than during the height of the war. A brief survey of the industrial mobilization measures of the other European Great Powers demonstrates the uniqueness of the Austro-Hungarian model. The parliamentary debate over the War Production Law between government supporters and the opposition Social Democrats further reflected a paternalist and authoritarian conception of the Habsburg state and the role of its citizens.
4
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Potencjal konkurencyjny przemyslu spozywczego w Polsce

75%
Juchniewicz M., Lukiewska K.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
|
2012
|
issue 1(330)
62-76
EN
The paper presents the evaluation of changes in competitive potential of food industry in Poland in the years 1994-2009. Accepted measure of competitive potential of this partial productivity (capital and labor), and total productivity (TFP). The analysis showed a significant increase in labor productivity and the level of technical equipment of employed. That was the basis for improving competitive potential of the food industry to compete on the EU market. However the most important is improving competitive potential in long-term. This requires, to a greater extent than at present, efforts to make changes related to the development of innovation (especially organizational and marketing innovation), creation and spreading of knowledge and intangible assets infrastructure.
5

POLEMIKA O VZTAHU NEOKLASICKÉ PRODUKČNÍ FUNKCE A TEORIE ROZDĚLOVÁNÍ

75%
Nedomlelová I., Kocourek A.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2010
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vol. 58
|
issue 5
492-511
EN
The neoclassical production function stands for a corner-stone of majority of neoclassical schools of macroeconomics. Its history has been bound with such well-known names as A. Marshall, K. Wicksell, C. Cobb, P. Douglas, P. Samuelson, R. Solow, etc. On the other hand, the neoclassical concept of production function has also faced some criticism during the second half of the 20th century coming especially from Europe (J. Robinson, P. Sraffa, L. Pasinetti, P. Sylos Labini, etc.). No matter how rigorous and robust their reproaches were, their critical opinions have never been really reflected in the mainstream economics. The article reopens the debate on validity of presumptions of the neoclassical concept of production function and theory of distribution. Its authors bring objective and unbiased view of the centennial history of various production functions, they show their relations to theories of distribution, and by doing so they hope to attract attention of contemporary economists to the old and yet unsettled issues.
6

Błądzenie w żywiole pracy

63%
Kozak M.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
|
2017
|
vol. 45
|
issue 1
100-113
EN
For Rev. Tischner the problem of human labor is a relational problem. Another man is always the addressee of one’s work. Work iteslf should join people to one another. Labor is both a form of communication and of solidarity. It is a form of dialogue and should lead to agreement. Furthermore, work is rooted in time; it is impossible to separate time and labor. Work is that which gives meaning to human life. In his philosophy, Tischner concentrates on the ethical meaning of human labor. It should lead one to truth. Performing work is performing a service, a service for other people. Therefore exploitation is the greatest threat to the true nature of work. We work for one another, for our common wealth.
7
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Zastosowanie modeli przyczynowo-skutkowych do oceny czynnikow sukcesu gospodarstw rolniczych – porownanie wybranych metod

63%
Sroka W.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
|
2012
|
issue 3(332)
28-42
EN
The paper presents the application of multi-dimensional cause and effect models. The author focused on the presentation of methodical assumptions and the practical application of the regression analysis along with the method of structural equations as part of the assessment of factors behind the success of farms. A database was analyzed which was prepared based on a questionnaire/interview conducted in 163 leading farms in the region of the Carpathian Mountains. The paper also presents a set of variables explaining and representing factors that hypothetically have the greatest impact on the success of farms: labor, land, production technology, market relations, budget transfers, human capital, progress absorption and accumulation possibilities of farms.
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