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THE ARGUMENTY WEEKLY AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE STRUGGLE FOR LAY CULTURE IN THE POLISH PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC IN 1957-1990 (Tygodnik 'Argumenty' jako przyklad walki o kulture laicka w PRL w latach 1957-1990)

100%
Smierzchalski-Wachocz D.
Roczniki Historii Kosciola (Annals of Church History)
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2011
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vol. 3(58)
101-132
EN
In 1957 the Association of Atheists and Freethinkers was founded, whose task was to atheize the Polish society in a systematic way. The work of the Association was directed towards the intellectual-political elite; just like that of the Society for Lay Schools. The organization conducted broad activities on a lot of fronts of public life. The Association that changed its name to Society for the Propagation of Lay Culture in 1969 had the weekly (at first a biweekly) Argumenty (Arguments) as its press organ. The magazine was supposed to reach first of all intelligentsia, with a definite aim that was secularization, and then - atheization of the Polish society. It launched a frontal, well thought-out attack on the sphere of the religious life of the Polish citizens and on the work of the Catholic Church. It tried at all costs to ridicule and denigrate belief in God as something out of date, typical of backward and uneducated people. Also new ethics was promoted as well as a new model of family, in which there is room for divorce and abortion, if there are important reasons for this. Luckily, the weekly was not read so widely as it was expected, and after the fall of Communism in Poland in 1989 in a natural way it stopped being published, as unprofitable. However, the issue of secularization of the society has remained topical and was taken up by other magazines still present at the Polish media scene - like Fakty i Mity (Facts and Myths) or Nie (No). The struggle against the Church and religion is still carried on, even in a more perfidious and thought-out way.
2
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Współczesne kierunki antropologiczne w jednoczącej się Europie

84%
Doroszkiewicz W.
ELPIS
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2012
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vol. 14
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issue 25-26
75-87
EN
The term “anthropology” is from the Greek (gr. aνθρωπος), “man”. It is the academic study of humanity. It deals with all that is characteristic of the human experience, from physiology and the evolutionary origins to the social and cultural organization of human societies as well as individual and collective forms of human experience. The idea of modernism concerns the phenomena which appeared in the European culture and thought in the end of XIX and beginning of XX century. In the end of XX century emerged idea of postmodernism which critizes and questions existence of the objective truth and doubts all the systems of values as being arbitral and restraining human freedom. According to the theory of postmodernism even the moral and ethical rules must be of human choice. The hypothesis of postmodern anthropology attained the dominant function in the united Europe. Likewise the notion of postmodernism contains in itself such popular undercurrents as popular culture, lifestyle, secularization, consumption, tolerance, marketing and laicizations. They all have found its place in the modern European society and in evident sense try to fulfill spiritual vacuum which appeared whilst modern European men questioned and rejected an idea of the objective Truth it means rejected Christian values and Christian tradition so much rooted in the European history.
3
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KANONICKOPRÁVNÍ ŘEŠENÍ OBTÍŽNÝCH ŽIVOTNÍCH SITUACÍ TRVALÝCH JÁHNŮ

84%
Menke M.
Studia theologica
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2011
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vol. 13
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issue 4
98–113
EN
The article attempts to evaluate the possible canonical solutions to certain painful situations related to the life and service of permanent deacons. It begins with a delimitation of the status of permanent deacons and consequently attempts to introduce a typology of issues connected with their situation. This arises out of various types of deacon life-status: permanent celibate deaconacy (within a diocese or in a certain institute of consecrated life or in an association of apostolic life), the non-celibate deaconacy of married men or the deaconacy of widowers. The canonical procedures deal with the laicization of a deacon – either of a married or a celibate one (at his own request or as an effect of a penalty) as well as with the case of a widowed married deacon intending to enter into a new marriage, for which case the canonical law appoints the impediment of sacred orders (can. 1087). Subsequently, additional procedures are described, as the proclamation of the invalidity of deaconal ordination, the dismissal from the clerical state of a religious deacon as well as the penalty dismissal from a religious institution, and other problematic situations. The author states that the canonical solutions predominantly appear only when the pastoral possibilities are exhausted and when it is necessary to solve the statutory issues or questions about the validity and liceity of certain acts.
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