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1
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K projektu nerealizované přehrady na Vltavě u Želnavy

100%
Dvorak J.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2007
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vol. 34
163-191
EN
Data obtained from Trebon State District Archives clearly show that the South-Bohemian National Agricultural Association (hereinafter the SBNAA) succeeded in attracting the attention of people from the local and state administration to the needs of South-Bohemian water management and to plans for new water works during the years the association existed, 1925-1941. SBNAA actively participated in organising water management events. They initiated the cooperation of interest organisations, government bodies responsible for water-management services and consultancy boards. The paper follows the work of the SBNAA which concentrated on the Vltava mostly and describes the process of preparation of plans for the construction of a dam lake in Vltava near Zelnava and subsequent plans for the construction of water works near Frymburk and Lipno. The economic crisis in 1929-1933 and subsequent economic recession resulting from the preparation of Czechoslovakia and the whole national economy for the construction of a fortification system prevented the commencement of the construction which had been prepared in plans. Drawings of the dam and all the expected parameters of the planned lake on the Vltava near Zelnava, including plans for the modification of the confluence of both the Vltavas in a scale of 1 : 5760 has been recently discovered in the Fund of the SBNAA. The lake was supposed to have the dam made of soil with a sealing clay core; on the flooded side the dam was supposed to be 12.6 m above the riverbed. The spot height of the dam crest was supposed to be 735 metres, and its crest width 7 metres; the spot height of the riverbed in the axis of the dam was 722.4 metres, maximum width of the dam at its foundations was approximately 80 metres. This enables us to calculate the size of the area which was supposed to be flooded partly or completely: Frymburk, Dolni Vltavice, Cerna v Posumavi with its graphite mines and many other villages, secluded residences or settlements. The map of the lake itself has a Czech key. No wonder that all individuals affected by the construction of the dam (such as the Schwarzenberk's and their graphite mines) as well as villages actively protested against the project and were successful eventually. Financial problems were the greatest impediment to the implementation of the project, its overall cost, lack of money and unwillingness of the government to fulfil all its promises and obligations.
2
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POWIERZCHNIA I STRUKTURA UŻYTKOWANIA GRUNTÓW W POLSCE NA TLE KRAJÓW UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ

100%
Figura M.
Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego
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2015
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issue 3(81)
30-41
EN
In this paper, using data developed in the Statistical Yearbook of agriculture from 2012 and 2013 was presented to the surface and the structure of land use in Poland in the European Union countries, as well as the structure of sown on arable land. In the case of land use compared data from 2000 with data from 2010. It shows, among other things Polish leading position in terms of area of agricultural land, mainly arable land. The area of arable land in Poland in 2010 represented 10.3% of arable land countries of UE as France, Spain and Germany in this regard our country placed the fourth. In 2010, compared to 2000 in most EU countries there has been a reduction in the area of agricultural area. The decrease was mainly to limit the areas of arable land. In the three countries of UE, ie. Austria, Poland and the UK share of cereals in crop structure on arable land exceeded deemed admissible participation amounting to 66%.
3
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Rekonstrukce proměny krajiny, sídel a sídelní struktury na příkladu Blanenska

80%
Vyskocil A., Klapka P., Novakova E.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2007
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vol. 34
296-306
EN
Based on analyses of available historical, geographical and statistical materials, the authors had tried, in one of their previous studies, to describe the basic historical and geographical definition of the Blansko Region in the scope of administrative and cadastral unit (a judicial district). This time the authors focused on the utilisation of cartographic materials as an independent reflection of gradual landscape changes. They utilised the map sets from the second and third military mapping as a visual basis for reconstruction of some selected landscape phenomena. They divided the studied territory into three levels whose area differs. Subsequently they focused on a certain landscape phenomenon in each of them whereas the category of utilisation was a unifying feature. The first level focused on the whole territory of the Blansko judicial district (its settlement structure, line elements, density of population); the second level focused on its geographic axis which is the valley of the River Svitava and which was defined as Blansko land use. And finally the third level was the conglomeration of Blansko itself (location of industry, development of housing).
4
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Pohled na zámek Brandýs nad Labem a opevnění švédského tábora v prostoru Staré Boleslavi z roku 1640 v díle M. Meriana

80%
Matousek V., Simek J., Altova B., Karlik P.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2007
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vol. 34
93-148
EN
The subject matter of the paper was the picture of Brandys Castle and the Swedish camp in Stara Boleslav published in the 4th volume of 'Theatrum Europeum' in 1643 for the first time and in 'Topographia Bohemiae, Moravice et Silesiae' in 1650 for the second time. Both the works were published by copper graver and publisher Matthaeus Merian in Frankfurt upon Mohan. The engraving was made according to a technical drawing by Carl Cappi and published in the 1630s-1640s in Merian's publishing house. The engraving can be described as a flat plan seen from the bird's eye view straight downwards. The plan is oriented along the north-eastern - south-western axis and shows an area of approximately 4.5 x 3.3 km. The drawing combines the possibilities of a ground plan and sketches of buildings and shapes, people are missing from the drawing. The basic axes of the plan are the rivers which are (namely the Jizera) not drawn in compliance with the actual situation at that time, the plan does not show the proportional relationships between individual locations properly. On the other hand, Cappi paid more attention to strategic military buildings (the fortification system of the field camp, paths, a temporary bridge across the river). The development complex Brandys nad Labem and Stara Boleslav was situated on the crossroads of two important paths: in consequence of such an advantageous location, the towns were repeatedly overran and ravaged by army troops during the Thirty Years' War. The studied plan by Carlo Cappi shows the fortification system of the Swedish base from which General Baner's army set out on plundering campaigns from the end of May 1639 till mid-March 1640. No traces of the Swedish field camp have survived. However, an aerial picture of 1948 shows one square redoubt - the remains of the fortification system were probably destroyed in the 1950s during the construction of army barracks. Based on a scientific attempt to reconstruct the vegetation in the monitored area we assume that the vegetation and the general features of the landscape were similar to the actual situation in Cappi's plan, even though it is marked with icons only. Only around the cut-off meander of the Labe, wrongly marked as the Jizera, the data is wrong. It is very likely that there was a forest in this area in the 17th century.
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Analýza vývoje území jako podklad pro současné plánování (na příkladu Mariánské zahrady na Jičínsku)

80%
Hermova H., Pokova M., Watzko K.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2007
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vol. 34
350-371
EN
The poetic compound lexeme Marianska Garden is slowly becoming an accepted name for the area of the south-western Jicinsko region, which is an area, where unique fragments of the composed landscape have been preserved. There are no doubts that it is an important cultural inheritance of the region, however, the question is, what to do next. The territorial planning as a tool of sustainable development, based on a balanced relationship of conditions for a favourable environment, economic development and for cohesiveness of the area inhabitants' society should satisfy the needs of the current generation without being a threat to the living conditions of the future generations. Unfortunately, in practice we only rarely come across such regional planning which takes all aspects of this definition into account. Regional planning is more or less just the 'copying' of the previously given models that correspond with the set rules and laws but do not take into account the local conditions, character and connections to the past of the concerned area. Only the research and following analysis of the historical development can help with getting high-quality materials for the suggestions of the future shape of the area. That is why we have tried from a number of different points of view (landscape composition, old roads and development of the area administration structure) to outline in which way the region could further develop to assure that people would not perceive the poetic charm of the baroque compositions only such as a preserved museum exhibit, but to be able to experience it as a part of their everyday activities outdoors in the landscape. The result should be a suggestion showing the historical face of this locality, but not such a one that is distant and free from everyday life, but on the other hand, one which is being actively used. It is improbable that the original plan of all landscape compositions will be revealed, but it is possible to respect a large number of indications and under the current conditions and with the current possibilities try to put the final touches to the environment, which could again, in the true sense of the word, become the 'landscape alive'.
6
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Historickogeografická analýza změn funkčního využití břehů Vltavy (v období od přelomu 18. a 19. století do současnosti)

80%
Fialova D., Chromy P., Marada M.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2007
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vol. 34
307-317
EN
There are various ways how to monitor changes in the functional utilisation of the Vltava banks from the geographical point of view. We can understand the Vltava as a symbol of national identity, as a factor influencing the development of neighbouring areas and regions (namely tourism and recreation), as a communication path or as a barrier. The paper focused on three main sources of geographic information, the data from population census, the data on changes in the utilisation of areas (years 1845, 1948, 1990 and 2000) and briefly also information obtained from pictures (photographs of identical places at various times). The changes were assessed in four typologically different villages situated near the Vltava: the upper reaches (the Sumava Mountains), the Ceske Budejovice basin, the middle reaches (Central-Bohemian Highlands) and the lower reaches (from, and including, Prague to the confluence). As far as the number of inhabitants before the Second World War is concerned, the upper reaches were more densely populated than the middle reaches, in spite of worse natural conditions. The canyon in the middle reaches of the Vltava represented a serious barrier, and therefore, its banks became only an edge of inhabited area, while population centres were situated further away from the river. Another interesting feature is similar development of area utilisation along the upper and middle reaches in spite of very different historical development after 1945 (arrival of new settlers after the departure of Czech Germans versus permanent settlement). The similarity results not only from the construction of waterworks, but also from the reduction of the proportion of agricultural land for the benefit of other activities (mining, special utilisation etc.). A higher proportion of man-made categories in land utilisation (developed and other areas) and their gradual increase is typical of villages in the Ceske Budejovice Basin, of Prague and of villages situated north of it (the lower reaches). In future we can expect increased utilisation of the Vltava banks in both the urban regions as well as in the attractive, recently 're-discovered' Sumava Mountains. On the other hand, the middle reaches will be different, we can expect stagnation of recreational utilisation of this area and further marginalisation of this area which ranks among so called internal peripheries of Bohemia.
7
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Rekonstrukční vícerozměrná geovizualizace městských krajin: příkladová studie a perspektivy

80%
Orsulak T., Raska P., +Suchevic S.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2007
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vol. 34
334-350
EN
The main topic of the paper is multi-dimensional reconstruction of historical development of urban landscape in Klasterec nad Ohri and its geo-visualisation. In the introductory section authors summarize the main development trends in the process of forming a comprehensive scientific study focused on urban landscapes. Attention is paid to studies of the interaction between the society and nature in general (methods of dynamic land use and cover change), specifically the establishment of a field of study called urban ecology and its different approaches throughout the world and finally the interdisciplinary study of urban landscapes aimed at their complex understanding. The term urban landscape used instead of a simple term 'town' is significant here. Urban landscape implicates not only architecture, infrastructure and inhabitants, but also other landscape features incorporated into the structure of a town and also the landscape features of a town as a whole. In the second part, the authors defined the term hyperdata which is absolutely necessary for complex characteristics of urban landscape development. They focused their attention on the characteristics of various methods such as multi-dimensional reconstruction and geo-visualisation, on the potential of data sources and their processing and finally on the application of the method on the example of Klasterec nad Ohri (the territorial growth of the town, but also its architectural concept, internal functional differentiation, tendencies regarding the number of inhabitants or representation of instable and stable housing areas and greenery). The purpose of the final section was to specify selected perspectives of practical applications of reconstruction of urban landscape and their visualisation. The authors also discussed the possibilities of using the method in the development of sustainable tourism through hypothetical as well as actual renovation of historical buildings and structures in the landscape and landscape-architectural aspects of urban development, securing of ecological (environmental functions) of urban landscape and potential and limits of geo-visualisations for these applications.
8

Zmiany użytkowania terenu w Lublinie i jego najbliższym sąsiedztwie w ostatnim 40-leciu

70%
Kałamucka W., Kałamucki K., Kamińska A., Filipek M.
Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy
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2012
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issue 4(30)
99-110
EN
Urban areas and suburban areas are characterized by large dynamics of changes in land use. At the expense of agricultural land, and sometimes also forests, the share of built-up areas for residential, industrial, service and transport purposes is increased. Lublin is a city in which this process in recent years has become considerably stronger. The significant change of land use, and consequently the transformation of rural landscapes located in its vicinity, is the result. This paper deals with capturing the changes of land use in the city and suburban area in the last 40 years in a spatial (cartographic) and statistical approach. The basis of the analysis were the topographical maps at the scale of 1:10 000 from the 1970s and 1990s, and aerial photos at the scale of 1:13 000 from 2009, in respect of which the size and dynamics of changes have been specified. The largest changes in land use structure have been found in relation to arable land (loss of more than 8,6%), intensive densely built-up area (increase of 2,4%) and low density built-up area (increase of 5%). The communities Jastków, Konopnica, Wólka, Głusk have been areas of the greatest changes. Qualitative changes have been also examined.
9

Przemiany użytkowania ziemi w latach 1983–2011 w następstwie rewitalizacji terenów poprzemysłowych w Krakowie

70%
Luchter B.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
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2012
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issue 897
73-87
EN
The main goal of this article is to assess changes in land use in recent industrial areas as a result of the implementation of market economy principles. Krakow has been chosen as an example because industrial production had a leading economic function under the centrally planned socialist economy. The author analyses in greater depth two selected urban blocks (spatial units surrounded by roads) situated in one of the 26 industrial-warehouse units that existed in the 1980s at a distance of 1.3–2 kilometres from the Main Market Square. He made use of various materials obtained during field research he carried out for his dissertation in 1983 and for this article, in August 2011. They enabled him to trace the evolution of land use over a period of nearly 30 years. His research uncovers essential changes in land use of the urban blocks analysed. Extensively used industrial and railway areas have been replaced by service areas (e.g. administrative, trade, tourist), residential areas (with multi-occupant high-standard housing), transport areas (road transport) as well as green spaces with modern architectural forms and technological designs.
10
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Zmeny krajiny v rumunskom Bihore (na príklade slovenskej enklávy Borumlak a Varzaľ

70%
Chrastina P., Krovakova K., Bruna V.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2007
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vol. 34
371-398
EN
The present landscape in the villages of Borumlak and Varzaľ, Bihor resulted from gradual changes of the landscape influenced by economic and other human activities. The beginning of anthropogenic cultivation of the thickly forested territory on the south-eastern edge of the Barcau Valley, just between Dernianska Highlands and Sedmohradske Rudohorie (Mountains) can be noticed in the early primaeval ages (the neolithic period), or during the Bronze Age and in the Middle Ages. The most significant changes in the structure of the local landscape occurred only after the arrival of Slovaks in 1790 who settled down in Borumlak and established Varzal'. Subsequent human interventions into the natural structure of the landscape continued the trends started in the past. Logging continued to be the primary motive and soon agriculture (growing of grain), potatoes and technical plants were added. A part of the deforested areas was turned into meadows and clearings which have not lost their importance by now. The character of the morphosculpture geo-relief, geological substrate, altitude, exposure and steepnes of slopes restricted the agricultural activities in the given area. The commencement of coal mining in Varzal' in the 1950s was a significant threshold in the development of cultural landscape of the researched region. The territory with features of agricultural countryside gradually transformed into a temporary agricultural & industrial landscape where mining works were also present including the relevant infrastructure (a narrow gauge railway). And after the reduction, or discontinuation of mining activities, some of these phenomena have remained in the region and have enhanced the landscape structure of the region till now. From the point of view of Slovaks from Bihor the first phase of re-emigration to Czechoslovakia (in 1946/48) did not result in changes in the utilisation of the cultural landscape in the region. This was caused by arrival of new people from mountainous regions or delimitation of abandoned farms to Roman people. The applied approach enables us to document changes which affected the landscape in the researched territory from the oldest times till now fairly well - whereas the period after 1790 is emphasized (arrival of Slovak colonists in Borumlak and establishing of Varzaľ) which was important for strengthening the identity in Romanian Bihor and preservation of the cultural heritage for future generations.
11
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Rekonstrukční mapy polních systémů

70%
Klir T.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2007
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vol. 34
261-295
EN
The purpose of the submitted paper was to contribute to better understanding of historical agricultural strategies on a specific example of villages established during the late-medieval colonisation. Based on an analysis of plans of agricultural land surrounding villages and on written materials from the 16th-18th centuries, the main features of field systems in selected villages were described and explained, including the extent of their stability and their ability to cope with harvest variances. Lots of attention was paid to the study of relations between the settlement form and the field system. On the other hand, the effort to reconstruct the formal arrangement of agricultural land around villages remained unnoticed since it reflected the property and legal relations and the economical and ecological situation at that time etc, which means changeable and oftentimes short-term factors. All the searched locations showed close relations between the settlement form and the method of using agricultural areas. This enabled us to word model assumptions about agricultural strategies and economic principles of villages in extremely bad nature conditions. As far as villages situated on infertile and hardly differentiated sandy soils are concerned, it was possible to document agricultural production based on undemanding 'three-sectional' field systems and in some areas also on 'alternate field systems'. Varied pressure on agricultural production was also reflected by the arrangement of agricultural land around villages whose main structure was maintained by a more stable settlement form. There was only one village where we could document a clear division of agricultural land into a portion with intensive agricultural production and a portion with extensive production; such situation resulted from the fact that the land owned by the village included also high quality soil. This division increased the efficiency of agricultural work significantly since it focused on suitable areas only. The risk of yield variations was fairly low. The development of the above described field systems during the early Middle Ages can be studied on the example of the village of Lhota na Kri. However, an analysis of this medieval village, which does not exist any more, will be dealt with in another essay.
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