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STUDYING LITERARY HUNGARIAN BY PRAGUEAN METHODS: ON THE BASIS OF PÁL MEDGYESI'S WORKS

100%
Szathmari I.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2005
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vol. 101
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issue 1
21-27
EN
This paper investigates the way two features of the study of literary language by the Prague Linguistic Circle were anticipated in the work of a seventeenth-century Hungarian preacher, Pál Medgyesi. Those two features concern the polifunctionalism and concomitant differentiation of linguistic means, as well as what can be called intellectualisation, i.e., the elaboration of mainly lexical and syntactic devices that make language appropriate for representing higher levels of abstraction and a possibly most exact expression of the logical process of thinking. Going through a number of phenomena clustering around those two concepts, the author emphasises that Medgyesi had expressed the most important terms of Ramus' logic in Hungarian well before Apáczai, and was the first to construct the rhetoric of prayers and sermons, thus initiating the emergence of the Hungarian special terminology and rhetoric of the field and contributed to the development of Hungarian scholarly prose.
2

IS THERE SUCH A THING AS HUNGARIAN SEMANTICS?

100%
Kiefer F.
Magyar Nyelv (Hungarian Language)
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2005
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vol. 101
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issue 2
129-140
EN
The author's answer to the question asked in the title is that Hungarian semantics does exist, just like Hungarian phonology, Hungarian morphology, and Hungarian syntax do. Following Zoltán Gombocz, one can say that the task of Hungarian semantics is to explore whatever is characteristic of Hungarian among general semantic considerations and to account for the specific linguistic devices that implement those general features. The author dwells on the morphology-semantics interface and on the syntax-semantics interface at some length since, as far as we know today, it is in these areas that generalizations can be drawn more safely. But this does not mean that research on Hungarian semantics should be restricted to those two areas: with an appropriate typological background, the structure of semantic fields or the lexicalization patterns attested in that language can be explored, too; another rational problem for semantics could be the study of the way the mental image of the world is reflected in linguistic expressions, and so forth. However, beyond morphosemantics and syntactic semantics, we do not as yet possess reliable knowledge in the area of Hungarian semantics.
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