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1

SUCCESSION AND SEQUENCE. SEMANTIC RELATIONS

100%
Grochowski M.
Studies in Polish Linguistics
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2004
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vol. 1
61-80
EN
Sequence is an elementary semantic relation whose arguments are made up of two nonidentical referential states of affairs. Succession implies a sequence of many (at least three) states of affairs, and constitutes a conventional relation. Its simpler linguistic predecessor is the enumeration of elements forming an arithmetic sequential representation. The difference between the notions of succession and sequence renders the semantic opposition of ordinal adjectives 'nastepny - kolejny' (next/successive - subsequent) and also adverbs 'nastepnie - z kolei' (next - afterwads). These units perform a metatextual function. The first elements within the above (nastepny, nastepnie) refer to (single) entities and events, and speech events which were directly prior to the one specifically mentioned. The second pair of elements refer to numerous other entities, events and speech events which were indefinitely prior to the one specifically mentioned. The adverbs 'po kolei - kolejno' are not equivalent either. The former implies an established order, the latter implies the order to be established. 'Kolejno' is used thematically, 'po kolei' is neutral from the viewpoint of thematic-rhematic structure.
2

DISTRIBUTION AND INFERENCE: WHAT PHILOSOPHICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SEMANTICS CAN LEARN FROM EACH OTHER

100%
Ocelák R.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2016
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vol. 23
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issue 3
299 – 323
EN
Distribution of a word across contexts has proved to be a very useful approximation of the word’s meaning. This paper reflects on the recent attempts to enhance distributional (or vector space) semantics of words with meaning composition, in particular with Fregean compositionality. The author discusses the nature and performance of distributional semantic representations and argues against the thesis that semantics is in some sense identical with distribution. Instead he proposes that distribution is merely a reflection of semantics, and a substantially imperfect one. That raises some doubts regarding the very idea of obtaining semantic representations for larger wholes (phrases, sentences) by combining the distributional representations of particular items. In any case, the author rejects the generally unquestioned assumption that formal semantics provides a good theory of semantic composition, which it would be desirable to combine with distributional semantics (as a theory that is highly successful on the lexical field). He suggests that a positive alternative to the strong reading of the distributional hypothesis can be seen in the philosophy of inferentialism with respect to language meaning. The author argues that the spirit of inferentialism is reasonably compatible with the current practice of distributional semantics, and he discusses the motivations for as well as the obstacles in the way of implementing the philosophical position in a computational framework.
3
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FROM IGNORANCE TO RELEVANCE: ON SOME UNSOLVED QUESTIONS OF LEXICAL SEMANTICS

100%
Szumska D.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2008
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vol. 64
37-48
EN
The ignorance mentioned in the title is a reference to U. Weinreich. Asked to characterize the current situation in structural semantics, he once had the courage to give the title 'The State of our Ignorance' to his lecture on the subject. Today, fifty years later, we can no longer ignore the danger posed by the idea of an unlimited and context-dependent semantic structure of words and by the rejection of the dichotomy between pragmatics and semantics. By uncritically adopting the ever more prevalent categories of cognitive semantics, 'the new paradigm' in linguistics, which promotes the conceptual and subject-oriented nature of meaning, we risk losing sight of 'langue' in semantic studies, which is tantamount to giving up the discipline's identity in favor of epistemology. The final conclusion of the paper, therefore, is that the future of semantics understood as a 'quest for meaning', the future of lexicology and lexicography, depends on the linguists' continuing awareness of the distinctions between language and mind, and consequently, of the distinctions between linguistics and cognitive science.
4

LEXIKOLOGICKÉ VÝSKUMY V ČASOPISE SLOVENSKÁ REČ

100%
Orgoňová O., Bohunická A.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2022
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vol. 87
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issue 3
164 – 185
EN
Lexicology as the study of the lexical vocabulary of the Slovak language was not at the forefront of the journal’s interest in the first two decades of its existence. The primary focus was put rather on the aspects of orthography and practical morphology, i.e. inflection. The theoretical basis of this subject only became a focus of interest after WWII. The peak of the theoretical definition of lexical semantics, which is the focus of this study, is associated with the name of J. Dolník. He eventually synthesized his partial studies published in journals in the monograph “Lexikológia” (1st edition 2003, 2nd edition 2007). The study also pays attention to the theoretical background, debates, and practical applications related to the approaches to lexical classification.
5

ŠPIRÁLA POZNANIA ALEBO FUNKCIONALIZMUS A KOGNITIVIZMUS (V LEXIKOLÓGII) CEZ OPTIKU DVOCH KONGRESOVÝCH JUBILEÍ

88%
Jarošová A.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2018
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vol. 83
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issue 2
123 - 142
EN
On the occasion of the 20th Congress of Linguists, which was a manifestation of the dominance of the socio-cognitive paradigm, we compare the functionalist approach and the cognitive approach to understanding the nature of lexical meaning. Both theoretical frames have a strong explanatory dimension and are significantly compatible. Within a certain methodological synthesis, we examine the internal consistency as well as mutual compatibility of aspects of some models of meaning outlined or developed in the literature (V. Mathesius, J. Filipec, J. Dolník, D. Geeraerts, P. Hanks, J. Kořenský, M. Nagy). As a theoretically primary model, we find the one reflecting the processual character of language, i.e. meaning in actual speech and the assumptions of this process in the form of the meaning potential – the dynamically and probabilistically organized cognitive base, semantic-pragmatic network. Word represents a unilateral sign in this model. The compatibility of cognitivist interpretations with psychological and neurobiological knowledge should be regarded. The secondary model, i.e. a user-oriented presentation model (such as a lexicographical entry), has a more static character. It uses the presentational inventory of functional structural linguistics and “discretizes” the cognitive continuum into the form of bilateral units. This model is usage-based, so its basis is a large volume of the evidence of language usage that can be pre-processed by corpus tools into contextual patterns, i.e. “units” larger than the word, which is the characteristic feature of corpus approaches.
6
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Sobre artes, oficios e linguagem: notas sobre uma abordagem etnolinguistica

88%
Gomes Dias D.
Studia Iberystyczne
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2010
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vol. 9
65-75
EN
This is a brief ethnolinguistic approach to naval carpenters communities from the South of Bahia, Brazil. Lexical semantic aspects of the linguistic use are analyzed as reflexes of sociocultural practices and models. The data demonstrate that the language of the masters and naval carpenters is highly influenced by modifications they have gone through in their history. It is also assumed that the meanings labour has for those who perform it and the way the subjects are related to their environment strongly interferes in their speech. The study may also contribute to the consolidation of the Ethnolinguistcs as a useful framework to the analysis of lexical semantic phenomena in contemporary dialectological research.
7
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A ROLE OF DEVIANCE IN JUSTIFICATION OF SEMANTIC HYPOTHESES. PRELIMINARIES

88%
Grochowski M.
Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego
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2008
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vol. 64
25-36
EN
In the paper interdependences between the notions of hypothesis, justification and deviance are considered with reference to componential semantics based on two valued logic. The article comprises two parts. In the first part the notion of deviance and its relation to conventions of the natural language is discussed. Moreover, two types of semantic deviance namely contradiction and tautology are described. A deviance in utterances referring to extralinguistic objects and in metalanguage utterances is distinguished. The second part of the paper contains the analysis of the chosen semantic features of several Polish lexical units namely 'woda', 'widocznie', 'az', 'coraz' and 'coraz to'. Hypotheses concerning meanings of the units under consideration are justified using the method of inquiring to contradiction (tests of contradiction). In the paper usefulness of deviance in semantic research is confirmed.
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