The notion of lie is expressed in numerous metaphors and attributive constructions in Hungarian. This paper presents the most characteristic constructions and analyses them partly on the basis of texts of fiction but mainly on the basis of colloquial data taken from the National Text Corpus.
This article presents the results of empirical research verifying the hypothesis that it is humanly possible to detect deceivers. The theoretical basis for the research project were the assumptions of the social contract conception by Leda Cosmides and John Tooby. The project was conducted in a few research stages, in which 556 people took part (221 people in the actual research). After analysis of the results, which constituted photographs and films with men participating, an answer was given to the main research question (Is there a significant difference between accuracy in identifying liars and people possessing other socially unwelcome features?). Analyses in the preliminary stages also answered the question concerning people's convictions on the harmfulness of telling a lie in social relations, as well as in their declarations concerning the ability level of identifying and remembering liars.
The article analyses the lexical means used to express the cultural concept lie in the titles against the dualistic heresies in the following sources: the Slavic translation of Panoplia dogmatics by the monk Euthimius Zigabenos, Discourse against the Bogomils by Presbyter Cosmas, and the Bulgarian translation of the Synodicon of Orthodoxy. Three semantic fields intervening to each other are referred to: the lie as a verbal act, as untruth, as hypocrisy. In the middle ages, doctrinal and religious forms of deviation from the Divine truth were the most severe form of lying. Its interpretation in different epochs and societies shows stable semantic valences. Lie is a category of the culture that has given rise to the well-established lexicon in every language.
The present paper deals with the phenomenon of lies and lying from the point of view of the theory of evolution and contemporary cognitive science. In order to investigate these relationships, the following steps are taken: firstly, differences between classical theories of lie are presented (including those created by Aristotele, Thomas Aquinas and Machiavelli) followed by their juxtaposition with the contemporary sciences. It is shown that not only human beings lie, deceive and manipulate. Secondly, the Machiavellian Intelligence Hypothesis in primathology is analysed (Byrne, Whiten, de Waal). Moreover, the neuroscientific approach to the act of lie exposure is discussed (e.g. Brain fingerprinting), along with the issues of neuroethics. Finally, self-deception is presented in the context of the theory of evolution.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.