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EN
The present article focuses on the function of Jewish literary surnames in two novels by Thomas Mann ('Buddenbrooks' and 'Der Zauberberg' ('The Magic Mountain')). The first part outlines the main problems connected with Christian-Jewish controversies that appear in specific, often polemic usage of Jewish surnames in literature. The second part describes the means of functioning of Jewish surnames in the cited novels by Thomas Mann and presents a means of restoring these anthroponyms in translations into Polish. In the third part analysis is undertaken of the losses that are connected with the process of translation itself, as well as those which result from erroneous reduction of the author's polemic intent as it applies to surnames.
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Specifika literárních toponym

80%
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 2
453-465
EN
Specific Aspects of Literary Anthroponyms There is not a general agreement which kind of names should be considered to be “literary names”. According to my opinion ALL names in literary work are literary. However, not only proper names are able to identify character, in some cases (depending on the context of the whole story) some appellatives can be interpreted in the same way as proper names. Names create special structure in the text. Recognizing of this structure is a part of reader’s activity during the process of reading. Names can give us information about time and location of the story. We can confront names in literary work with real onomastic system. Literary names can be authentic (calling real historical persons or places), realistic (names existing in real system) and fictive (created by the author). The knowledge of the character is very important for our understanding of names. There are different ways of calling literary persons, animals, living machines or creatures. The last part of my paper is focused on literary names in communication. I distinguish three kinds of communication: inside the text (using names between characters, calling etc.), inter-text (associations with character from another text who have the same name) and social (names from well-known literary works and their using as parts of general culture knowledge).
Onomastica
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2008-2009
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vol. 53
173–185
EN
The article presents naming levels in the prose creations of M. Musierowicz to the year 2001 and her three latest novels, continuing the cycle called „Jeżycjada”. The goal of the comparison was to formulate comments on the properties of authentic names — their equivalents and variants — and successive attempts to incorporate such names into literary communication. The presentation covers the operations, mechanisms, and creative-communicational literary strategies of the writer, both in regard to her choice of the onymic sphere and to making use of the functions of names (or of compilations of them).
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80%
EN
The first part of the article presents various approaches to the functions of proper names in literature and lists those which are most commonly encountered in literary onomastics. The primary theoretical point of departure is based on German (K. Gutschmidt, V. Birus, D. Lamping, F. Debus), Polish (A. Wilkoń) and Czech (M. Knappová, S. Pastyřík) scholarly works. The second, analytical, part of the article examines functions from two different perspectives: name – character – reader – author and name – text – literary context – cultural context. It argues that the functions should not be viewed in isolation, but rather, it is necessary to explore the ways in which they are interrelated, complement each other and work together. A single name can have multiple functions. The evaluation of these functions is always based on the relationship between the name and its bearer (literary figure) and is interpreted in the context of a particular work. Names are understood as a part of the onymic system of the work (the so-called “name landscape”) and as an element of the overall construction of the artistic text. Although it is thus far just a note, not a comprehensive concept, the article aims to contribute to the debate on functions.
EN
The article discusses onomastic aspects of the title name of the Grimm Brothers’ tale Rumpelstilzchen. Analysis of the meanings of the original and their presence in literary and popular culture allusions is followed by Polish translations of the title name with emphasis on the essential transformations and modifications that meaningfully modified the reception of the described tale in the Polish language. In conclusion, a new version of a Polish translation of the tale is discussed.
Onomastica
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2007
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vol. 52
267-283
EN
The article is an attempt at reconstructing a world-view on the basis of the proper names contained in the novels of Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz (Witkacy) 'Pozegnanie jesieni' (Farewell to Autumn), '622 upadki Bunga' (The 622 Downfalls of Bungo), 'Nienasycenie' (Insatiability), 'Jedyne wyjscie' (The Only Way Out). Analyzing onyms used by Witkacy in his prosaistic composition and comparing them with his outlook on life produces a cohesive vision of the world. Proper names in Witkacy's novels are an expression of the author's relationship with the reality surrounding him, and are full of irony, burlesque, and absurdity. They comprise a unique material with which the artist plays and with the help of which he plays a game with the reader.
7
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Česká teorie literární onomastiky

80%
Acta onomastica
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2010
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vol. 51
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issue 2
447-452
EN
Czech Theory of Literary Onomastics Literary onomastics is relatively young discipline of research. We can find few articles about literary names in 1950’s. However, literary names have been studying systematically since 1970 in our country. Especially analysis of concrete literary work and work of one author were in a centre of interest in the first period of research. They were focused on language structure of names, choosing or creating names, their aesthetic function etc. The first Czech theoretical article about names in literature was written by K. Hausenblas in 1976. In the second period of research (in 1980’s) many material studies were published. Especially literary anthroponyms were analyzed. Problems of translation of names were discussed as well. Theoretical studies of this period were concentrated on functions and social aspects of literary names (e. g. M. Knappová, M. Majtán). In 1990 the first conference about literary onomastics took place in Prešov (Slovakia). Since 1990’s literary onomastics has been also occupying by literary toponyms or zoonyms. Many diploma theses were written about names in literature. However, there were felt a lack of theoretical and methodological background (R. Šrámek). Important studies were published during last years (D. Hodrová, L. Jungmannová). In 2008 the second conference about literary onomastics was organized in Hradec Králové.
EN
This article examines proper nouns in the works of Olga Tokarczuk. I analyse critical assumptions of literary onomastics and try to understand to what extent the onimic layer of the works of the Polish Nobel laureate can be considered as a system. The cited examples of literary proper names appearing in selected Tokarczuk novels allow us to understand the individual features of naming (especially the use of capital letters and the creation of individual descriptors) as well as the way this is rooted in the broader context of literature, culture, science and history, which also influence the use of proper names in the author’s works. The theories put forward by Italian literary historian Franco Moretti provide a complementary analytical framework.
EN
The view that a person and his or her name are one has been expressed for a long time by the assertion: 'nomen est omen'. In the Middle Ages, when giving real names, this view played a more important role than it does nowadays. However, in the world of names used in literary texts it has remained essential up till now. In their literary works, writers have always considered it very important to create or choose the names for their characters. This has been evident both in the analyses of numerous literary texts as well as in the opinions of many modern writers. Fictional names, contrary to the real ones, have a remarkable strength of expression which manifests itself in certain functions these names perform. The most important functions that the fictional names perform are the following: 1.Identification. Through its proper name an object gets its identity. 2.Fictionalization. Existing real names (and their bearers) get included in the fiction of literary works and become, in principle, equal to the fictional (imaginary) names. Literary illusion appears. 3.Characterization. This very intricate function can be assigned to four types of names in literary texts. (According to Birus these four types of names are the following: narrative names, classifying names, symbolic names and personifying names). 4.Mythologizing: This function can be considered the prototype of characterization but, in this case, what is significant is an old magical conviction that some unknown, mysterious powers are hidden in names. 5. Accentuation/Anonymity. This function can also be considered a subtype of Characterization. However, in this case, we deal with strong emphasis (e.g. comicality, word playing) on one hand and with phenomena of taboo or concealment on the other.
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