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1

THE TRAPS, PARADOXES AND CHALLENGES OF GENDER STUDIES (Pulapki, paradoksy i wyzwania 'gender studies')

100%
Filipowicz H.
Ruch Literacki
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2009
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vol. 50
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issue 2(295)
101-108
EN
This article reviews some of the theoretical and methodological premises of gender studies, recapitulates the major discussions and polemics that raged in the American gender discourse, and outlines some of the new perspectives and research trends in the field. It also offers a reappraisal of the reception of gender studies in Poland and tries to identify some of the areas that have remained unexplored.
2

SOME QUESTIONS REGARDING THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF LITERARY STUDIES

100%
Bolecki W.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2005
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issue 1/2(91/92)
11-21
EN
The author embarks on analysing altered literary studies concepts in Poland of the recent few decades. He sees the reasons for such changes in the social, cultural, as well as methodological factors. Emphasised is the differing nature of the concept of literary studies' subject in the traditions of eastern-European and western-European literary scholarship. He believes that within this scholarship area of today, two different discourses tend to clash against each other. One of them strives for precision and specialisation, the other is aiming at free contemplation and at crossing any borders. In author's opinion, if our contemporary literary studies abandon the text as the basic area of investigation, in favour of cultural research, then literary study will get diluted in an all-inclusive 'humanities soup'. College departments such as cultural studies will accordingly regard literary scholars as not being in demand at all any more.
3

What is literature still there for? (In reference to Janusz Slawinski's books 'Przypadki poezji' (The adventures of poetry) and 'Miejsce interpretacji' (Venue of interpretation)

100%
Szymutko S.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2007
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issue 3(105)
142-152
EN
The article challenges the allegedly undoubtable validity of interpretation in literary studies. As it appears in practice, interpretation draws the reader's attention away from the actual literary piece, renders it subordinate to other, 'non-literary', domains of knowledge, with the result that literary studies undermine their own value, losing their separation and autonomy. The assumption behind the essay is that the identity of literary studies may only be restored by focusing on the subject proper, i.e. literature - any methodological questions proving of secondary import.
4
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WORLD LITERATURE AND COMPARATIVE POETICS: CULTURAL EQUALITY, RELATIVISM, OR INCOMMENSURABILITY?

100%
Gáfrik R.
World Literature Studies
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2013
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vol. 5 (22)
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issue 2
64 – 76
EN
In the 20th century the term “world literature” was expanded to include literatures outside of the Western world. This fact bears upon literary theory as well. Literary studies have tried to develop a universal approach to literature. Their presuppositions, however, are rooted in the modern Western notion of literature. The theoretical work, done in comparative poetics offers an important perspective on the problem of world literature. In the West, it was Earl Miner in particular who opened the debate on the commensurability of the world’s literary cultures. The paper points to the existence of literary critical discourses outside of the Western world and argues for the emergence of an intercultural theory of literature. In China, Japan, the Arab world and especially in India the production of literature has been accompanied by a rich critical output. In India, for example, an indigenous literary theory independent of Western scholarship is still alive. The so-called rasa theory, first formulated in Bharata’s Natya Shastra and later developed into rasadhvani by Anandavardhana and Abhinavagupta, seems, as Patrick Hogan and Keith Oatley argue, particularly interesting because it corresponds with the recent advancements in the study of cognition and emotion. The paper discusses possibilities and implications of the project of comparative poetics for understanding world literature.
5
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KRÁTKY PREHĽAD KOGNITÍVNE ORIENTOVANEJ LITERÁRNEJ VEDY

100%
Kuzmíková J.
World Literature Studies
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2011
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vol. 3 (20)
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issue 3
15 – 27
EN
The study contains a survey of cognitive literary studies, research programmes, disciplines and issues. The general goal of cognitive literary studies is to grasp and reveal common principles and processes of the literary text. Imagination and thinking, that means to give a cognitive explanation as to the operation, constituents, means and purposes of the literary process. The cognitive literary studies reassess the aims of traditional literary theory, its orientation to construct correct meaning, principles of the text and to determinate the value of artwork. If we add the authorial and perceptive procedural competences (memory, attention, emotions, etc.) to the system of literary notions, we will acquire better methodological instruments for the analysis of the literary expression and the shifts in perceiving thereof, the examination of literary understanding and its types, resolution of literary agents (author, character, reader), the analysis of reasons for popularity of literary works and value/negative value attributed thereto. It is expected that owing to that we can understand the main problem of literary theory not resolved yet – what literariness means.
6

LITERARY STUDY VERSUS CULTURAL SCIENCES

100%
Glowinski M.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2005
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issue 1/2(91/92)
44-49
EN
Should one understand the term 'culture' in a broad manner, as pursued by certain anthropologists or sociologists, literary scholarship/criticism would simply, like any other humanistic discipline, become part of cultural studies. This possible option should be taken into consideration, yet such a thesis, when assumed, appears not to open any novel opportunities. What it does is it condemns one to generalisation, however correct the latter might be. Should, however, the category in question be understood in a narrower way, then a whole series of issues occurs, along with various difficulties, of which one should merely become aware. For instance, why should so-called internal methods be usually approached as independent of the discipline called cultural studies, whilst others, being shaped otherwise in methodological terms, tend sometimes to be merged therewith? And, there is the very basic problem: Within what concepts is the issue of literary language designed for singling literature out of such context, and in what sorts of concepts does it provide a link to/with the related general-cultural phenomena? Plus, there is the issue of literary folklore study. The role of sociology of language as an entity linking literary study and cultural theory. What is the actual place of history in this context? Problem spheres connected with cultural studies: literature vs. traditional habits/morals; literature vs. other cultural institutions. There is a certain conventionality about singled-out cultural-science fields: cultural science appears to encompass certain not-as-yet-fully-crystallised items.
7

COMMUNICATION AND COGNITION IN LINGUISTICS

100%
Tabakowska E.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2005
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issue 1/2(91/92)
50-59
EN
Despite frequent claims of its proponents, contemporary mainstream linguistics still remains predominantly Anglocentric. Considering the relevance of its findings for other languages, in respect of both theory of grammar and its possible practical applications, this should certainly be changed. Moreover, irrespective of their theoretical persuasion, till recently most linguists tended to concentrate on construal of messages (cognition) rather than on processes involved in reception (communication), while literary studies traditionally concentrate on the latter. With recent developments, a widened perspective, with the scholars' attention being focused on the very nature of language and its interrelationships with biology on the one hand and culture on the other, has shifted the proportions, bringing lingustics closer to contemporary literary theory. It is claimed that in humanities - as well as in university education - applied linguistics, developed within a coherent theoretical framework, should be integrated with literary and cultural studies. Among contemporary linguistic theories the theory known as 'Cognitive Linguistics' seems to offer the most promising basis for such integration. The paper presents main tenets of the paradigm, with emphasis on those areas where interests of all the three disciplines meet and overlap. It is the realisation of this need for integration that gave rise to new but very dynamic, scholarly disciplines called 'Cognitive Stylistics' and 'Cognitive Poetics'. The last part of the paper brings a short survey of recent developments in these two fields.
8

CURIOUS THOUGHT ON THINGS LIKE LITERATURE - WHAT IS IT FOR ?

100%
Janousek P.
Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research
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2005
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vol. 14
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issue 1
78-89
EN
The article gives consideration to the question of humane thinking in the context of what is usually perceived under the notion of science. Its argumentation rises from a linguistic paradox: the word 'science' is in nowadays Czech (but as well in other languages) used so to speak entirely in singular - despite the fact that the single/uniform de facto does not exist and the word 'science' is just an abstract notion, which hides a lot of very diverse 'sciences'. The polemic thorn of the reflection points against mechanic identification of all the sciences only with certain scientific branches and against the idea that approaches, methods, customs and criteria used by these sciences have obligatory value for the whole 'science', while the approaches, methods, customs and criteria used by other sciences are unscientific, or at least suspicious. The article gives notice of the fact that in other disciplines common ideas about the science as a synonym for the new discoveries, technologies, approaches, goods or therapeutic methods are not valid. On the example of the thinking on literature points that there exist 'curious' sciences that do not directly change the world of man but they 'just' explain it, for they are devoted to the sphere of human existence, which is practically impossible to reduce to mathematical models. Key words for these sciences are not words as 'exactness, empiricism, experiment and statistics' or words like 'progress and development' but collocations 'creative memory'. It is their own reason, purpose to preserve the awareness of the given society of itself and its ability of creative thinking - leading a ceaseless dialogue with itself and its environment. Another fact arises from this: while in common mechanic concepts 'science' has global dimension, 'curious' sciences are local and are existentially connected with a quite concrete collective, be it defined by nation, language of territory. Without this collective they would not exist - and on the contrary, these collectives would lose constituent part of their identity, which they are distinguished by. Other specific qualities of 'curious' sciences and different ways of their functioning grow from the described features, and these are analyzed in the major part of the article.
9

CHAOS THEORY IN LITERARY STUDIES

100%
Wozonig K. S.
Slovak Review. A Review of World Literature Research
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2007
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vol. 16
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issue 2
35-43
EN
Ever since its first formulation in the 1970s the so called chaos theory has held great appeal for the humanities, philosophy and social sciences. Until the late 1990s many literary studies papers inspired by chaos theory included the observation that only time could tell whether the terminological transfer from physics and mathematics could provide the enrichment for the discipline and about the additional insight into literature gained by the adaptation of the scientific concepts. By now one can state that 'chaos-theoretical' literary studies have produced some insights into literature and many into the field of the literary studies. The adaptation of chaos theory by the literary studies can be seen as a gauge of self-reflection and -observation of the discipline. In presenting some similarities as well as differences between chaos theoretically influenced literary studies and the literary studies under the paradigm of constructivism, the author would like to demonstrate the mechanisms of cultural self-reflection and -assurance by means of the literary studies.
10

DIGITÁLNÍ LITERÁRNÍ KARTOGRAFIE A KVANTIFIKACE SEGMENTŮ LITERÁRNĚ NARATIVNÍHO TEXTU – METODOLOGIE, NÁSTROJE A INTERPRETAČNÍ STRATEGIE (POPIS JEDNOHO PROJEKTU)

88%
Změlík R.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2020
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vol. 67
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issue 6
523 – 551
EN
The paper deals with chosen DH methods in literary studies, which are focused on modelling of fictional topography and narrative segments quantification. The first part of article presents the methodology concentrated on building of spatial models and their explanation. In the second part are presented the quantitative models of literary-segments such different narrative speeches, character speech, description or so called text in text (letter, diary and so on). Our goal is to present not only the results of this modelling processes, but the way to them. For this purpose we present detailed methodology and procedure associated for example with python coding. In the last part we offer the interpretation strategy grew up from comparison between two types of models - spatial and quantitative models. Presented work is only the part of emerging project heading towards on corpus of Czech novels of 19th century.
11
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COMPARATISM AND THE CRISIS OF LITERARY STUDIES

75%
Pokrivčák A.
World Literature Studies
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2013
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vol. 5 (22)
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issue 2
77 – 88
EN
The article is an analysis of René Wellek’s contribution to the theory of comparative literature. It draws on his characterization of the crisis of comparative literature presented at the 2nd Congress of ICLA in the USA, and continues with the interpretation of some of his other opinions concerning the situation in which literary studies in the USA found itself at the end of the 20th century. They are included especially in his articles “The Attack on Literature” and “Destroying Literary Studies.” René Wellek’s theoretical opinions are analysed especially in the context of emerging cultural studies and their ideologization of literature in general, formally expressed, for example, in the Bernheimer Report for the American Association of Comparative Literature. The author points out that the future of the comparative literature lies not in its use of ideological contexts but in its ability to draw attention to universal principles and values, perhaps thorough the conceptions of inter-literariness and world literature, and thus overcome the harmfulness of separatist tendencies fed by particularisms of various types.
12
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THE PERMANENT CRISIS, OR CAN, COULD OR SHOULD COMPARATIVE LITERARY STUDIES SURVIVE?: BETWEEN HISTORY, THEORY AND AREA STUDIES

75%
Pospisil I.
World Literature Studies
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2009
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vol. 1(18)
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issue 1
50-61
EN
At the same time comparative literature is approach, method and autonomic discipline of literary science with developed terminology and methodology. In the past besides positivism it passed through psychologism and immanent methods, esp. formalism and structuralism too. At present its characteristic feature is deep self-reflection. Comparative literature represents discipline, which contains history, theory, terminology and type of research method in the structure of literary science. Its long history already makes from comparative literature specific discipline that goes from study of Mediterranean area, antique and than from national literatures. Traditions, which are created in the Czech and Slovak cultural area and directed from Wollman's ideology to Durisin's special inter-literary community, disclosed not only the power but also lower aspects of literary comparatistics. One of the aspects of contemporary comparative literature is linked with cultural dialogue and area studies, which spread background of comparative researches. Contemporary status of comparative literature is rather complicated: on one hand there are traditional comparative methods and on the other, there is a keen quest for radical innovations. And, last but not least, comparative literature has appeared in the focus of application as a methodological tool when conceiving a new model of literary history or a history of any national literature that cannot be understood outside its comparative framework. The answer to the question in the title of this paper may be: comparative literature may function as loos net of historically tested approaches, single methods and visions, or as a chain of more complex approaches connected with new subjects and problems of world literature.
13

DETERMINANTS OF LITERARINESS SET IN A PRAGMATIC PERSPECTIVE (Wyznaczniki literackosci w perspektywie pragmatycznej)

75%
Konicka H.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2009
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issue 3(117)
189-198
EN
This article discusses one of the consequences of obliteration of the borderline between semantics and pragmatics, as part of a holistic model of cognition. For literary studies, the category of discourse may appear the key one, however, not within the meaning of a Foucaultian 'discursive formation' inside which subjects of utterance are perfectly exchangeable but instead, the one understood in terms of discourse as a form of subjective action, inclusive of anything it consists in and what makes it possible. According to D. Maingueneau, any individual instance of sounding-off in the area being socially perceived as literature is by necessity accompanied, in the first place, by: legitimisation of utterance as a 'constitutive discourse' and the inevitably ensuing problematic positioning of the author in a social space ('paratopia (paratopy)') and a peculiar arrangement of the system of speech ('staging') for the use of a specific act of speech. Together with the other aspects defining the fundamentally discursive specificity of literature, discussed is the by-far-neglected nature of relations occurring between the writer's subjective involvement, the institutional dimension of the verbal act, and, the status of text that has joined the literary circulation.
14
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CENTRAL EUROPE IN LITERARY STUDIES

75%
Zelenka M.
World Literature Studies
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2013
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vol. 5 (22)
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issue 2
14 – 28
EN
The paper offers a delineation of Central Europe from the viewpoint of literary studies. Central Europe as a cultural and geographic space or a crossroad between East and West is characterized by the changing position of unstable centres and peripheries, and by a fusion of ethnic groups, cultures and religions. The territorial principle of mutual “contacts” led to an intense communication and exchange of literary values, to understanding, but also to encounters of artistic traditions and poetics, norms and conventions. The metonymic motivation of this communication, which results rather from “neighbouring” contacts than from the genetic relation among the languages, gave rise not only to the process of inter-culturality but also postulated the myth of cultural unity. While minimalist concepts work with binary oppositions (we and them, ours and theirs, centre and periphery, etc.), which characterize this space as a specific region of small Slavonic and non-Slavonic nations between Germany and Russia, the maximalist concepts sees Central Europe mostly from the axiological point of view as a set of historically developed ideas related to the tradition of Latin Christianity. From the viewpoint of literary studies, the question is whether one observes its ideologemes on the level of genre, poetics and style, i.e. in the very literary structures. Some literary scholar contend that we can decipher the Central Europeanisms of the inter-poeticity of artefacts (as certain timeless cultural models and constants) in the Central European variant of the grotesque, the irony, the satire, the cabaret or the post-modern prose. The paper also summarizes the views of literary theorists on the phenomenon of Central Europe.
15
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PRIESTOROVÉ MYSLENIE A INTERLITERÁRNY PROCESS

75%
Vajdová L.
World Literature Studies
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2020
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vol. 12
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issue 4
59 - 80
EN
This article aims to draw attention to the importance of the spatial point of view for the literary studies introduced by the Slovak comparatist Dionýz Ďurišin in the 1980s. The starting point of his systematics of world literature was the concept of the inter-literary process, derived from his study of various ways of connecting literatures in the world. The spatial concept of the changes in literatures enabled him to highlight the relevance of otherness and its function in the reception of foreign literatures. The study of inter-literary communities permitted him to discover various forms of connecting, interfering, permeating or merging different literatures and their works across the borders of languages and cultures, i.e. trans-literary studies. In addition, he identified some historical forms of inter-literary communities in world literature (such as Commonwealth, Iberian and Latin American, and Slavic/Russian). Spatial representations of literary phenomena, similar to those of Franco Moretti, also helped him to graphically represent the crossing movement of literatures in the world. A reliable source for learning about the changes in reflecting the spatial moment in world literature studies and about Ďurišin’s systematics are the works of César Domínguez. The terms and expressions Ďurišin created are now coming to be used in a larger sense. This has also been reflected in the discussions on the concept of world literature, which is currently undergoing various changes (Damrosch, Spivak, Moretti, Apter, Aseginolaza, Saussy, Tally, etc.).
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