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1

LITERARY HISTORY UNDER REDEVELOPMENT

100%
Kostkiewiczowa T.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2005
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issue 1/2(91/92)
22-43
EN
The authoress contemplates the situation of history of literature in a post-structuralist and post-deconstructivist era, in our time of commonly heralded crisis of the modern humanities paradigm (as regards cognition, history, and the subject). This situation renders literary historians obligated to think over the basic ontological and theory-cognitional assumptions, forming the discipline's foundations. The first issue here is one of a humanistic nature of the subject of study (literary utterance) and its cognition method. The second is to make a reference to the discussion of several recent years concerning interpretation of the literary work and investigation into its meanings. Another question concerns literary-historical consequences of considerations on how to understand history and historicism, and on the very possibility of constructing a discourse on the past. The interrelated questions would concern the understanding of the categories of change and continuity in literature; the nature, course and conditions of temporal literary changes. Lastly, the issue occurs of the relation between literary discourse and other types of cultural discourses. By making reference to certain hermeneutic inspirations (particularly, Paul Ricoeur) not having been sufficiently reflected upon on the literary study soil, the authoress suggests some literary history building options that would transgress the aporiae of a post-modern era in this area, whilst respecting the autonomous nature (being justifiable as to the essence) of literary history's subject of investigation which is peculiarly situated within temporality and within a cultural area being shared with other discourses.
2

Is there still a literary theory?

100%
Burzynska A.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2006
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issue 1/2(97/98)
40-57
EN
This article discusses the present-day status of literary theory. The title, provocative as it is, refers in the first place to the poststructuralist time, i.e. one of concentrated criticisms of theory as a literary-scientific discipline (particularly, the criticism on the theory of interpretation). Seen from today's perspective, the current is, perceivably, a modern (autonomous, objective, general, universal, etc.) theory revised - i.e. a theory which is to provide scientific foundations for literary scholarship whose model has expired, according to poststructuralists. It is also apparent that poststructuralism has yielded several important new directions contributing to certain thorough transformations in theoretical knowledge. These include the pragmatic turn (i.e. a definite withdrawal from essentialist issues), the narrativist turn (altered views on the language of theoretical utterance), the ethical-political turn (autonomy of theory challenged). Those transformations have led to the emergence of the present-day form of literary theory, i.e. cultural theory, being an open-ended collection of various cultural discourses being useful in interpretative practices (ethnical, racial, postcolonial, feminist, gender-studies-related, queer-theory-related, etc.), rather than a coherent or comprehensive theoretical system. In the recent years, we have observed a tendency of rendering literary study reoriented into interpretation, the latter becoming the major duty of a literary scientist. As for theory, it is about to become an auxiliary discipline, a 'knowledge for interpretative use'. This is confirmed, among others, by two most recent books on the status of theory in literary studies: 'life.after.theory' (interviews with J. Derrida, F. Kermode, T. Moi and Ch. Morris) and T. Eagleton's 'After Theory' (2003), both discussed at some length in the article's conclusive section.
3

SOME REMARKS ON LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE (Kilka uwag o literaturze i jezyku)

100%
Zielinska M.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2008
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issue 6(114)
6-8
EN
This text is about how literature is fading, its role being taken over by other discourses of our time, and about restrictions imposed by language upon the writing person - both while expressing their personal experiences and when making attempts at describing alien cultures.
4

REALISM LINED WIRH FANTASY (Realizm podszyty fantastyka)

100%
Jarzebski J.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2008
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issue 6(114)
EN
Among prose writings of the recent period, observable is an increased presence of novels and short stories mixing a realistic image of the reality with elements of fantasy. Numerous examples of this phenomenon testify to that writers and their characters find it rather hard to afford senses and administer justice to the world within the real, transferring these functions into the domain of the fantastic. A sense of helplessness is thus also expressed against global processes which individuals have ceased to control. A traditional realism is unattainable as the world cannot be comprehended and explained any more without a stock of legends and myths stored and activated in the sphere of fantasy.
5
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Nové směry (a staré mezery) v teorii vyprávění

80%
Jedlickova A.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2005
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vol. 53
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issue 1
78-100
EN
This review of the essay volume 'Neue Ansätze in der Erzähltheorie' begins with an overview of narratological literature (including translations) in Czech and Slovak literary studies in the second half of the twentieth century.
6
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K žánru epithalamia v latinské humanistické poezii

80%
Kolarova J.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 1
25-40
EN
In the Bohemian Lands occasional verse written in Latin developed mostly in the sixteenth century. It comprises poetic texts of various lengths written for important events in life, such as birthdays, the completion of studies, departures for, or returns from, journeys to foreign lands, weddings, births, or deaths. This branch of humanist poetry employs models from classical antiquity, which is also where most of its sub-genres come from, mainly in the period of late Roman literature. Most preserved their form throughout the Middle Ages and into the period of humanism. The kinds of occasional verse are defined in works on poetics and rhetoric of various periods. The normative nature of Neo-Latin humanist literature therefore makes it possible to investigate the individual sub-genres and describe them in terms of genre theory. Among the most popular sub-genres of occasional verse (if one can judge fairly from the number of poems written) are epithalamia and epicedia. The article analyzes epithalamia written in the latter part of the humanist period (the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries), concerned chiefly with themes and motifs, and considers interesting aspects and remarkable examples in which the poets seek to achieve a measure of originality and to free themselves from the conventions of the times.
7

MODERNISMS AND THEIR LOTS (Modernizmy i ich losy)

80%
Majewski T.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2008
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issue 3(111)
43-67
EN
The article is an attempt at mapping the changes that have been taking place in the studies of modernism and modernity since half 1990s. The contemporary return of modernity after postmodernism shakes the earlier notions of their duality, while also compelling us to reconsider the mutual relations of modernism and popular culture, as Andreas Huyssen was the first to observe. Moreover, it makes an opportunity to understand better the different discursive contexts that separate the American, French and German discussions on modernity.
8

VISUALISATION, LITERATURE, AND EVERYTHING ELSE (Wizualizacja, literatura i cala reszta)

80%
Bolecki W.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2009
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issue 1-2
6-11
EN
'Visualisation' is nowadays one of the most expansive notions in cultural (semiotic) studies, including literary research. By means of introductory remarks to the periodical's present issue, the author discusses the notion's various meanings and applications - from' practical/service-oriented' in the domain of computer graphics, through to psychotherapeutic ones, various varieties of visual arts, anthropology of sensuality and its cultural forms, visual-arts concepts and visual arts' associations with literature, up to theoretical afterthought on the status of literary text.
9
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Vyvolávání z nebytí v Komedii Daniely Hodrové

80%
Jankovic M.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 1
1-24
EN
After a break of several years, during which she published two other novels - 'Perunuv den' (1994) and 'Ztracené deti' (1997) - Daniela Hodrová has in 'Komedie' (2003) again taken up the themes of the 'Olsany Trilogy' ('Podoboji', 'Kukly' and 'Théta', all first published in 1991). With its narrative style bordering on fiction and autobiography and with its loose composition 'Komedie' is most like 'Théta'. In the conception of its narrated stories and also the function of the narrator whose speech continuously mixes and overlaps with speech snippets of many characters, however, it employs even more daringly than the other novels a high degree of intentional and unintentional disorderliness, which stems from the use of fragments to tell the story. In a polyphonic stream, with many layers of intertextual references (often made both to Hodrová's own works and to those of other authors), the article seeks to highlight a certain integrating semantic action, which branches out and intensifies despite all the fragmentation of the story line. The dense network of repeating and interconnected motifs, whose parallelism and contrasts, as well as the climatic dynamism of the sentences giving the impression of continuous action, creates their own world in 'Komedie', which maintains its equilibrium while 'on the verge of chaos'. So, for example, two opposite yet mutually complementary codes of the human lot emerge: the barren plain, into which our lives descend, and the auguring little hand of the Libuse doll found among the graves, which points to the darkness while at the same time lighting the way.
10

SOME QUESTIONS REGARDING THE SUBJECT-MATTER OF LITERARY STUDIES

80%
Bolecki W.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2005
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issue 1/2(91/92)
11-21
EN
The author embarks on analysing altered literary studies concepts in Poland of the recent few decades. He sees the reasons for such changes in the social, cultural, as well as methodological factors. Emphasised is the differing nature of the concept of literary studies' subject in the traditions of eastern-European and western-European literary scholarship. He believes that within this scholarship area of today, two different discourses tend to clash against each other. One of them strives for precision and specialisation, the other is aiming at free contemplation and at crossing any borders. In author's opinion, if our contemporary literary studies abandon the text as the basic area of investigation, in favour of cultural research, then literary study will get diluted in an all-inclusive 'humanities soup'. College departments such as cultural studies will accordingly regard literary scholars as not being in demand at all any more.
11
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S mimezí v batohu na výlet do různosvětů

80%
Jedlickova A.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2005
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vol. 53
|
issue 2
203-225
EN
An essay inspired by Lubomir Dolezel's 'Heterocosmica: Fiction and Possible Worlds' presents - in part polemically - the essential features of the theory of fictional worlds (including clear definitions of the terms 'actual', 'possible', and 'fictional' worlds), and, following on from this, it interprets the short story 'Muzeum tety Laury' (Aunt Laura's Museum) from Frantisek Langer's collection 'Malirské povidky' (A painter's tales).
12
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Abstraktní autor a abstraktní čtenář

80%
Schmid W.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2006
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vol. 54
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issue 2-3
74-97
EN
This contribution is devoted to two frequent factors in narratology (narrative theory): the implied author and the implied reader. The starting point in exploring these special strategies of narrative text is the fact that narrative does not narrate but represents narration. It comprises therefore at least two levels of communication: communication of the author and communication of the narrator. The article attempts to reveal the relationship between the transmitter and the receiver of a narrative utterance at the individual levels of communication, which are established by the narrative and the narrative action. It precisely sets down the form or definition of the individual instances of communication, concrete and abstract, and also investigates the historical development and formation of these terms in narratology. Against the background of disputes and the forms of the investigated instances in the history of narratology, the article analyzes their concepts and considers their advantages. It then proposes a new systematic definition of the two fundamental terms or, rather, tools of narratological analysis: the implied author and the implied reader. The article presents a methodologically clear way of investigating the semantic action of a narrative text and posits a logically and factually precise formulation for analyzing key problems of the theory, which it helps to support. The article focuses on the question of the limits of the lyric subject from the perspective of its potential for expression. It recapitulates the main features of Cervenka's conception of the lyric subject, particularly the concept contained in his 'Fikcni svety lyriky' (Fictional Worlds of Lyric Verse, 2003), and it questions the sharpness, or functionality, of the boundary that Cervenka demarcated between the fictional world of the work and the fictional world of playing with the work. The author proposes granting the persona greater 'authority' and accepting the blurred boundary between the persona and its utterance.
13

Anthropology and literature

80%
Markowski M. P.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2007
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issue 6(108)
24-33
EN
This article attempts at replying to the question of how anthropology relates to literature. Elaborating on Wolfgang Iser's suggestions, the author states that literature has a single basic function to perform, and that is, to interpret the outside world by creating structures weakening its strangeness. What anthropology strives for, in turn, is to grasp the essence of human being through analysing its products or creatures. The shared area for both types of discourse is their being submerged in existence - understood as a linguistic element of self-understanding, an intermediate sphere between the naked life and conceptual knowledge.
14
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WORLD LITERATURE AND COMPARATIVE POETICS: CULTURAL EQUALITY, RELATIVISM, OR INCOMMENSURABILITY?

80%
Gáfrik R.
World Literature Studies
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2013
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vol. 5 (22)
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issue 2
64 – 76
EN
In the 20th century the term “world literature” was expanded to include literatures outside of the Western world. This fact bears upon literary theory as well. Literary studies have tried to develop a universal approach to literature. Their presuppositions, however, are rooted in the modern Western notion of literature. The theoretical work, done in comparative poetics offers an important perspective on the problem of world literature. In the West, it was Earl Miner in particular who opened the debate on the commensurability of the world’s literary cultures. The paper points to the existence of literary critical discourses outside of the Western world and argues for the emergence of an intercultural theory of literature. In China, Japan, the Arab world and especially in India the production of literature has been accompanied by a rich critical output. In India, for example, an indigenous literary theory independent of Western scholarship is still alive. The so-called rasa theory, first formulated in Bharata’s Natya Shastra and later developed into rasadhvani by Anandavardhana and Abhinavagupta, seems, as Patrick Hogan and Keith Oatley argue, particularly interesting because it corresponds with the recent advancements in the study of cognition and emotion. The paper discusses possibilities and implications of the project of comparative poetics for understanding world literature.
15
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Literární život jako předmět literární historie

80%
Scherber P.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2005
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vol. 53
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issue 4
518-540
EN
This essay provides an overview of the changes and shifts in the use of 'literary life' and other terms related to sociological and economic aspects of literary communication. Originally published in 1989, it now has a preface by Tomás Pavlicek (pp 518-520).
16
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Naratologické marginálie české teorie literatury

80%
Jedlickova A.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2005
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vol. 53
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issue 6
852-861
EN
This essay, an outline of the history of Czech 'protonarratology', focuses on the contributions made to the field by Jan Mukarovský, Felix Vodicka, and Lubomir Dolezel, but also considers the contributions of Miroslav Cervenka, Jaroslava Janácková, Vladimir Macura, Daniela Hodrová, and Alice Jedlicková.
17

LITERARY STUDY VERSUS CULTURAL SCIENCES

80%
Glowinski M.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2005
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issue 1/2(91/92)
44-49
EN
Should one understand the term 'culture' in a broad manner, as pursued by certain anthropologists or sociologists, literary scholarship/criticism would simply, like any other humanistic discipline, become part of cultural studies. This possible option should be taken into consideration, yet such a thesis, when assumed, appears not to open any novel opportunities. What it does is it condemns one to generalisation, however correct the latter might be. Should, however, the category in question be understood in a narrower way, then a whole series of issues occurs, along with various difficulties, of which one should merely become aware. For instance, why should so-called internal methods be usually approached as independent of the discipline called cultural studies, whilst others, being shaped otherwise in methodological terms, tend sometimes to be merged therewith? And, there is the very basic problem: Within what concepts is the issue of literary language designed for singling literature out of such context, and in what sorts of concepts does it provide a link to/with the related general-cultural phenomena? Plus, there is the issue of literary folklore study. The role of sociology of language as an entity linking literary study and cultural theory. What is the actual place of history in this context? Problem spheres connected with cultural studies: literature vs. traditional habits/morals; literature vs. other cultural institutions. There is a certain conventionality about singled-out cultural-science fields: cultural science appears to encompass certain not-as-yet-fully-crystallised items.
18

COMMUNICATION AND COGNITION IN LINGUISTICS

80%
Tabakowska E.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2005
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issue 1/2(91/92)
50-59
EN
Despite frequent claims of its proponents, contemporary mainstream linguistics still remains predominantly Anglocentric. Considering the relevance of its findings for other languages, in respect of both theory of grammar and its possible practical applications, this should certainly be changed. Moreover, irrespective of their theoretical persuasion, till recently most linguists tended to concentrate on construal of messages (cognition) rather than on processes involved in reception (communication), while literary studies traditionally concentrate on the latter. With recent developments, a widened perspective, with the scholars' attention being focused on the very nature of language and its interrelationships with biology on the one hand and culture on the other, has shifted the proportions, bringing lingustics closer to contemporary literary theory. It is claimed that in humanities - as well as in university education - applied linguistics, developed within a coherent theoretical framework, should be integrated with literary and cultural studies. Among contemporary linguistic theories the theory known as 'Cognitive Linguistics' seems to offer the most promising basis for such integration. The paper presents main tenets of the paradigm, with emphasis on those areas where interests of all the three disciplines meet and overlap. It is the realisation of this need for integration that gave rise to new but very dynamic, scholarly disciplines called 'Cognitive Stylistics' and 'Cognitive Poetics'. The last part of the paper brings a short survey of recent developments in these two fields.
19
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LITERARHISTORISCHES VERSTEHEN AUF GRUNDLAGE DER INTERDISKURSANALYSE FÖRDERN? DIDAKTISCHE ÜBERLEGUNGEN ZUM TEXT-KONTEXT-PROBLEM

80%
Kónya-Jobs N.
World Literature Studies
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2022
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vol. 14
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issue 4
60 – 77
EN
In view of a crisis in literary history education in German-speaking schools and universities, which can also be proven with empirical findings, the article endeavours to examine inter-discourse analysis as an alternative basis for didactics of literary history. For this purpose, it critically discusses humanities and didactic objections to a literary-historical and literary-pedagogical recourse to inter-discourse analysis – including the relationship of the approach to the text-context-problem and the accusation of the marginalization of the individual text. As an interim result, the basic features of the knowledge-poetic-interdiscursive method of didactics of literary history are presented. The article then offers insights into the results of a large-scale empirical training experiment with student teachers, in which the interdiscursive approach was systematically compared with three established teaching methods with regard to effect sizes of literary-historical understanding. The findings allow conclusions to be drawn as to what extent a didactic approach to the literary history based on historical-generative inter-discourse analysis can and should be further developed conceptually, evaluated formatively and established at secondary schools, universities and in teacher training.
20

Todorov: a structuralist transfigured

80%
Mitosek Z.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
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2007
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issue 4(106)
165-174
EN
The authoress discusses the consecutive stages of evolution of the thought of Tzvetan Todorov, the Bulgarian-French structuralist. She uses the word 'transfiguration' on purpose, as the notion may stand for metamorphose or conversion - something that concerns scientific views only to a small extent, primarily acting in the spheres of emotion and belief. Todorov has parted with structuralism for two reasons: (1) resulting from his afterthought on the method's effects in teaching literature (literary education being limited to analysing single pieces or, at best, fragments thereof; and, (2) as a protest against suspension of the question about the sense of the dealings employed, against literature being cut off from its actual genesis and functions. Having broken off with the sciences, Todorov advocates the need for humanism: in order to get to the sense, or meaning, the text's 'interior' should be investigated; in the first place, however, the text should be placed within the context of the history of ideas.
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