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  1. 3 Acta Baltico-Slavica

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  1. 2 Rutkowska K.

  2. 1 Starichenok V.

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  1. 1 2011

  2. 2 2006

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Old Lithuanisms in the Polish Dialects of Trakai Region

100%
Rutkowska K.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2006
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vol. 30
359-371
EN
The article analyses lexical Lithuanisms in the Polish dialects of the Trakai region. The aim of this research was to show some aspects of archaic Lithuanian loanwords functioning such as: sphere of usage in certain semantic groups; their constant or occasional usage; their independent functioning or usage side by side with other languages borrowings. Up to now only a small group of widely spread words has been defined. As a rule, these are words which don't have any Polish eqiuivalent. They name people's physical appearance (kliszawy, lepaty, murzaty), their characteristic actions (kuciniac, rozkiereczyc sie), as well as plants (burkulki, lebiaki, jurginia), atmosphere phenomena (odliga, burbulki), etc. However, most Lithuanisms are used occasionally only in conversations about past life and old rural work (poszor, rezgini, plaskoni, szamocha, szylnik, skaracz). There is now doubt that these words occupied a certain place in the dialect in the past, while nowadays they are disappearing completely or are used equally with native Polish lexis or other languages adoptions, e.g. bronkt : orczyk; waga : brzozna; kudra : bizulka; szwilpiki : kakory. The article also analyses amorphous lexis and onomatopoeia functions in the Polish dialects of this region, e.g. szkir, juksz, put'-put'; gargac, krektac. .
2
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LITHUANIAN BORROWINGS DENOTING HUMAN STATES, DISPOSITIONS AND THE WAYS OF EXPRESSING FRANKNESS AND UNWILLINGNESS (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF POLISH DIALECTS IN LITHUANIA) (Polish title below)

100%
Rutkowska K.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2011
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vol. 35
EN
(Polish title: Zapozyczenia litewskie oznaczajace sklonnosci i stany czlowieka oraz sposoby wyrazania czulosci lub niecheci (na materiale gwar polskich na Litwie)). The present article is a continuation of the previous studies (Rutkowska, 2009, 2010) dedicated to Lithuanian borrowings. Two previous articles have been related to human appearance and mental characteristics. The subject of the present article is Lithuanian borrowings which describe specific human dispositions and mental states, as well as the usage of epithets and the ways of addressing other people (terms of endearment). The lexical material of the article and vocabulary analyzed previously allows to state that the words referring to man make up a group of fairly large vocabulary of Lithuanian origin. It has been observed that words of such semantic categories as agriculture, weaving, fishery, construction are characterized nowadays as archaic because of the disappearance of a particular type of folk culture and changes in the field of rural activities. However, different ways of describing a person are still present in various dialect areas. A varying degree of adaptation of borrowed lexemes suggests that the penetration of such lexemes was a continuous process, which lasted throughout the period of the contact of Polish and Lithuanian dialects, and this process is continuing at the present day. The reason for the linguistic behavior of this type of Lithuanian words in Polish dialects is semantic capacity and expressiveness of these lexemes.
3
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The Fundamental Types of Borrowings in the Belarusian-Lithuanian-Polish frontier

100%
Starichenok V.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2006
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vol. 30
323-332
EN
The nature of borrowings in the Belarussian-Lithuanian-Polish frontier area is determined by specific character of the region, where the elements of traditional Belarusian, Lithuanian dialects & Russian language as well as dialects of 'Polshchyizna kresova' are retained. One can single out lithuanisms and polonisms, a considerable part of which has been consolidated in the Belarussian language and it's functional styles and has passed all the stages of semantic adoption. Polysemants within frontier region feel on them the influence of different dialectical systems components, that is reflected in the character of their modifications. Depending on their correlation with primary sources we can distribute borrowings into 4 fundamental groups: a) borrowings with identical correlation of lexical-semantical variants (LSV) that practically copy the semantics of foreign units, b) borrowings with relations of non-coincidence (in such a case LSV of sources on Belarussian ground are lost, forgotten and therefore within semantic structures of polysemants new LSV, previously unknown, are stated), c) borrowings with relations of crossing (semantic structures of such polysemants in Belarussian dialects and sources do not coincide at all, because, as a rule, only a part of LSV, but not the whole, is adapted, so new LSV, usually of local character, appear on it's base), d) borrowings with relations of inclusion (in such a case a word in Belarussian language and it's Polish or Lithuanian equivalents differ in quantity of LSV: in one case a foreign word keeping certain meanings of original language on the Belarussian ground develops new LSV, so it increases the semantic paradigm; in the other case a borrowing in Belarussian language loses some LSV and narrows it's semantic extent). .
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