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Bohemistyka
|
2013
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vol. 13
|
issue 3
167 - 183
EN
The article discusses a "lullaby" as a syncretic genre, indicating its inspirations, realizations and modifications in the Czech literature. The traditional form of a lullaby, to a large extent, references the children's literature. However, as evidenced by the centuries-long tradition of the genre, the range of addressees is considerably wider. A lullaby goes back to various sources of inspiration, assuming different forms of realization, ranging from songs firmly established in the folklore, intended for children, to works for adults, taking up the social and moral subject matter. The classic form of a lullaby references idyllic images of childhood, whereas the modified form emphasizes the agitation character of the work.
EN
Although the primary function of the lullaby is coded in the very word that designates it, its secondary functions are equally important – they have been shown to have an impact on child development and mental health of the performer. The act of singing a lullaby creates a specific communicative situation in which the recipient does not fully understand its lyrics. Usually, the communicative act also only involves the performer and the child and the uniquely intimate moment that emerges creates an opportunity for the expedient to express all their thoughts – even the most unpleasant ones. The psycho-hygienic function comes to the fore and provides the performer with a space for introspection. This dimension is often reflected in the texts of lullabies in negative motifs, such as death. In various allegorical forms, death is present in as many as one in five Slovak folk lullabies. In careful interpretative analysis, it is possible to detect subtle differences in the meaning of motifs that may not originally refer to death. On this basis, death motifs can be divided into primary ones, which always symbolise death (black earth, church, river, covering/throwing, ringing of the bells, calling of a close person from the other world) and secondary ones, which acquire this meaning by updating individual motifs or whole recurring stanzas in the vertical structure of the text.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2011
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vol. 102
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issue 1
155-177
EN
The article focuses on the changes of language and style in the different realisations of the lullaby. In a broad sense, the genre in question is understood as a category with blurred borderlines and encompasses traditional folk lullabies, lyrical lullabies for children, as well as poetic pieces that conform to the pattern. The analysis includes the style of lullabies of all aforementioned types, but primarily the literary ones. Literary lullabies (lullabies poems and lyrics refering to traditional lullabies) are, on the one hand, presented as recurring features stereotypically matched with the genre and, on the other hand, pieces that move away from the model and characterised by stylistic polyphony and employing contrast on a large scale.
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