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The article presents the discussions and voting of the titular representative bodies on the Polish issue in 1918. Analysis of transcripts of speeches and parliamentary discussions as well as their summaries and press debates showed that the issue of rebuilding the Polish state was considered by the parliaments of Prussia and the Reich in autumn of 1918 to have been decided, while issues that remained open included the degree of independence afforded to Poland, its attitude towards Germany and the shape of the Polish-German border. Both parliamentary forums provided politicians with an opportunity to present a broad, diversified spectrum of views on the Polish question.
EN
The author presents the evolution of the authority established in Prussia in 1824, within the polity boundaries of the country, following the defeat suffered by Prussia in the war with Napoleon. The presentation of Landtag which was functioning in Silesia is the starting point to make a comparison between this institution and others which were established on the parallel basis in other Prussian provinces. Differences and similarities between them are shown.
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This article discusses the period of Prince Charles of Saxony’s rule in Courland. It analyzes the conditions that Charles of Saxony had to fulfil in order to be chosen to be the next Duke of Courland, and with his relationship with the Courland aristocracy and Russian potentates. Great emphasis is also placed on the influence of the Courland question on Russian and Polish foreign policy, because both states had made claims to Courland and wanted to gradually take possession of the Duchy. For the Polish king August III., his son Charles represented a means through which he would be able to achieve this goal. The Russian Tsarina Elizabeth Petrovna had to give up her plans for a while when the Seven Years’ War broke out, during which Russia needed to cooperate with Poland. Although Charles’ government had been fairly successful, he did remain in power, because after the end of the Seven Years’ War Russia was able to return to its original policy. The military conflict had strengthened Russia to such an extent that it no longer had to consider the wishes or demands of its neighboring states. This article’s research was conducted on the basis of archival sources stored in facilities in Germany and Latvia.
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