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Dlouhá cesta k Lateránským smlouvám: Diplomatické styky Svatého stolce a Itálie od nástupu fašizmu k moci do uzavření Lateránských smluv

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Šmíd M., Votavová P.

Studia theologica

2018

vol. 2

185-208

The study deals with the diplomatic relations between the Holy See and Fascist Italy over the period of 1922–1929. In the period of the dramatic events in the 1920s, it follows up on the final phase of the so-called Rome question, which was opened after World War I. It describes each of the meetings and analyses the requirements of both sides, which resulted in the signing of Lateran Treaty in February 1929. By means of this treaty, Mussolini’s Italy recognized the sovereignty of the Holy See over the Church, accepted the right to send and receive legates, issue passports, own a post office and coin their own money. Furthermore, the Italian state returned property to religious persons, reintroduced obligatory religious education regulated by the Church, declared the Catholic Church as the state Church, forbid all anticlerical magazines, books and films, and imposed penalties for criticism and insults to the Catholic Church. In addition, the Pope was financially compensated. The head of the Catholic Church, in return, accepted the Italian kingdom with its capital city Rome, thereby indirectly contributing to the legitimation of Fascist Italy, which as a result, gained recognition in an international context. Despite every goodwill gesture of the Fascist state, Benito Mussolini began to break with his promises during the 1930s. It soon became apparent that B. Mussolini only saw concordat as a formal matter which should manifest the unity of the state and Church in the Apennine peninsula at least externally and assure support for the young authoritative figure from a powerful institution, the Catholic Church.

I rapporti "Stato Italiano- Chiesa Cattolica" nei patti lateranensi del 1929: riflessioni storico-giuridiche

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NACCI M.

Prawo Kanoniczne

2015

vol. 58

issue 2

97-113

This work is a conference in the Faculty of Canon Law of the Toulouse Catholic University that want to consider the relations between Italian go- vernment and Catholic Church in the Lateran Pacts of 1929, in an historical and juridical perspective, through the examination of the “preconciliazione” phase and the dierent political trends around to Lateran Pacts. e purpose of the study, in fact, is to underline the important “juridical culture” of this agreement in the European overview.

Il presente lavoro, frutto di una conferenza tenuta presso l’Istituto Cattolico di Tolosa (Francia), intende prendere in considerazione le relazioni fra il Governo italiano e la Santa Sede, in prospettiva storico-giuridica, per la strutturazione dei Patti Lateranensi del 1929. In modo particolare, attraverso l’esame della cosiddetta fase della “preconcilazione” e le differenti posizioni giuridico-politiche intorno ai Patti del 1929. Lo scopo del contributo è quello di evidenziare l’imprescindibile valore di “cultura giuridica” che deve essere assegnato a questo peculiare trattato internazionale. Il presente lavoro, frutto di una conferenza tenuta presso l’Istituto Cattolico di Tolosa (Francia), intende prendere in considerazione le relazioni fra il Governo italiano e la Santa Sede, in prospettiva storico-giuridica, per la strutturazione dei Patti Lateranensi del 1929. In modo particolare, attraverso l’esame della cosiddetta fase della “preconcilazione” e le differenti posizioni giuridico-politiche intorno ai Patti del 1929. Lo scopo del contributo è quello di evidenziare l’imprescindibile valore di “cultura giuridica” che deve essere assegnato a questo peculiare trattato internazionale.

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1 Votavová P.

1 Šmíd M.

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Dlouhá cesta k Lateránským smlouvám: Diplomatické styky Svatého stolce a Itálie od nástupu fašizmu k moci do uzavření Lateránských smluv

I rapporti "Stato Italiano- Chiesa Cattolica" nei patti lateranensi del 1929: riflessioni storico-giuridiche