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Kwalifikacja gramatyczna wybranych indeklinabiliów w łacińskiej praktyce leksykograficznej

100%

Wolanin H.

Polonica

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2015

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vol. 35

25-37

EN

Classifying lexical items into functional classes, traditionally called parts of speech, is an important lexicographic tool serving to inform the dictionary’s readers about the most general, structural features of the lexical units being described. Yet, the problem of setting right criteria for the classification still remains unsolved, especially with reference to uninflected lexemes, devoid of formal inflectional features. The lack of clear and commonly accepted rules of differentiating between paricular kinds of indeclinable words characterizes also Latin grammatical theory and lexicography. As a result, the main Latin-Polish dictionaries differ in ascribing grammatical status to Latin uninflected lexemes like igitur, nam, utinam, num, quidem, itaque, an, praeter. The aim of this paper is to reflect on functional and syntactic status of Latin indeclinable words, and to suggest a solution for the above mentioned problem.

2

Ze Slovníku středověké latiny: balatro

85%

Vršecká K.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2018

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vol. 141

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issue 1-2

201-219

EN

The main aim of the article is to analyse the meaning of a rather uncommon word balatro in Medieval Latin within the context of Medieval Latin sources of Bohemia and with regard to Latin acting terminology of the day. The meaning of the word in classical Latin and its etymology are discussed first. The second part of the article presents various interpretations of the etymology and meaning of the word in the Middle Ages, which also drew on late ancient commentaries and scholia on Horace’s poems. The definition of the word balatro by wellknown Medieval Latin lexicographers (Papias, Hugutio of Pisa, Osbern of Gloucester, Iohannes Ianuensis) and celebrated lexicographical works (Vocabularius Ex Quo) is briefly discussed. Attention is further shifted to the interpretation of the word in lexicographical sources of Czech origin. The Medieval Latin and Latin-Czech glossaries mostly define balatro as a profligate, a rouge, or as a jester, a buffoon, a clamorous actor. Several bilingual glossaries also provide interesting old Czech translations of balatro, e.g. hrdlak, požěrač (denoting a “glutton”), etc. In one Latin-German dictionary containing Czech glosses one can find a German equivalent of balatro – rueffer: this could mean a precursor, that is, an actor who used to present and introduce the medieval play at the beginning. Apart from the lexicographical sources, the word balatro also appears in a medieval formula collection from the fourteenth century together with buffoons (scurrae), goliards (goliardi), gluttons (epulae) and profligate people (deguli). Latin or bilingual sources of Bohemia containing the word balatro clearly indicate that the name could imply several meanings and that there was not always a strict border between “jester” and “actor” and even “glutton”, “profligate” or “vile fellow”: like other acting terms, the word balatro had pejorative connotations stemming from the negative and unfavourable role and status of actors in medieval society in general. The use of the word balatro within Medieval Latin in the Czech Lands, in contrast, may have a close connection with the growing role of the courtly jester in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

3

Ze Slovníku středověké latiny: sporcia

71%

Šedinová H.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2017

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vol. 140

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issue 1-2

233-245

EN

The main aim of this article is to identify the origin and meaning of one Latin zoological term in the work of Czech medieval lexicographer Bartholomaeus de Solencia dictus Claretus. The name sporcia, included in the Glossary’s chapter De piscibus and accompanied by the Czech equivalent veprzik (piglet), originates most likely from the classical Latin name porcus marinus. This name, denoting a marine animal with the appearance or behaviour of land pig, appears in several ancient and medieval scientific writings, including the encyclopaedia Liber de natura rerum of Thomas of Cantimpré, an important source for Claretus. In ancient and medieval texts, the same term usually stands for both land and sea animals: porcus – porcus marinus; equus – equus marinus; vacca – vacca marina; lepus – lepus marinus; hirundo – hirundo maris; mus – mus marinus; vipera – vipera maris etc. Claretus, perhaps in an effort to compensate for the lack of the adjective marinus or maris, sets both groups apart by applying phonetic and morphological changes, the most important of which would be the change of gender. Therefore, in Czech medieval context, all the sea counterparts of land animals get their specific names (such as sporcia, equida, vaccus, lepo, yrundia, muria, vipperus), not found in any other medieval sources.

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2 Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

1 Polonica

1 Vršecká K.

1 Wolanin H.

1 Šedinová H.

1 2018

1 2017

1 2015

Kwalifikacja gramatyczna wybranych indeklinabiliów w łacińskiej praktyce leksykograficznej

Ze Slovníku středověké latiny: balatro

Ze Slovníku středověké latiny: sporcia