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EN
The article regards the Polish policy towards Ukraine from the time of the first government of the Civic Platform and Polish People’s Party to the Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash. The main aim of the article is to present the most relevant political actions which were made in this time by Polish authorities not only in terms of bilateral relations but also in terms of multilateral ideas and concepts which were important from the Ukrainian point of view i.e. the Eastern Partnership. The conducted research also based on the internal and external determinants of Polish and Ukrainian policy as well as on the party platform of the Civic Platform at that time. Both determinants and party platform were briefly described in the article. According to the research, it is possible to indicate several general conclusions: between 2007 and 2010 Ukraine remained (however with a changed role) one of the most significant Polish partners; the government of the Civic Platform decided to transfer lot of tasks regarding the policy towards Ukraine to the European Union; the Eastern Partnership program which was established in 2008 could not been treated as an equivalent of membership in the EU; the most important goals from the Polish point of view including measurable integration of Ukraine with the EU and NATO were not reached.
EN
The article aims to present the results of the analysis of journalistic photography dedicated to Smolensk air crash. The article contains the analysis of images from different segments of the Polish press: newspapers, opinion weeklies, magazines, the press addressed mainly to women, tabloids. Journalistic photography can be divided into informational and persuasive. The results of the analysis are based on the order dictated by the dichotomous classification. As for the photo information in the press, the author (who is ”invisible” and neutral) presents a picture of the world without distortions, embellishments and deformation. Paradoxically, the Polish press has published relatively little ”transparent” journalistic photography, for which the crash in Smolensk was the theme. It occured that these photographs were read contrary to the intentions of the authors, because the accompanying texts had changed the direction of interpretation. In case of persuasive images, the authors present their own point of view on the phenomena, and thus suggest the interpretation to the recipient. Because of the accelerated presidential elections photo journalism has become a tool of ideological struggle, and even a political struggle. This is demonstrated by the extraordinary popularity of photomontage – the journalistic genre, which has significant potential for propaganda. The involvement of the media in current political struggle draws attention to the phenomenon of political (nekro)marketing. This term means using the death of someone in political struggle. Before April 10 Lech Kaczynski was unpopular politician. After the catastrophe, the president’s image was re-profiled. The image of Jaroslaw Kaczynski – the president's brother, as a candidate in presidential elections has been warmed in the result of these actions. How is it possible that the public image of Jaroslaw became warmer? The articles in the press were illustrated with photographs of the late President in the company of his wife – a person who was, without exception, liked and respected. Furthermore, after a period of national mourning, Jaroslaw Kaczynski was often photographed surrounded by family of the deceased brother.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł stanowi refl eksję nad przemówieniami inaugurującymi prezydentury Lecha Kaczyńskiego i Andrzeja Dudy. Pierwsze przemówienie głowy państwa jest zapowiedzią celów prezydentury, wskazaniem obszarów, którymi chce zająć się głowa państwa, prezentacją jego osobowości i sposobu bycia. Celem artykułu było porównanie przemówień inauguracyjnych Lecha Kaczyńskiego i Andrzeja Dudy pod kątem treści oraz użytych środków lingwistycznych i retorycznych. Na potrzeby badania zastosowano technikę analizy źródeł, jakościową analizę treści oraz analizę korpusową i lingwistyczną przy pomocy programów Sketch Engine, WordSmith oraz Jasnopis.
EN
This article is a refl ection on the speeches inaugurating the presidencies of Lech Kaczynski and Andrzej Duda. The opening address of the head of state announces the goals of the presidency. It is also an indication of the areas that the head of state intends to handle, a presentation of their personality and manners. The article aims to compare Lech Kaczynski’s and Andrzej Duda’s inaugural speeches in terms of content, linguistic and rhetorical examination. The study was based on techniques of source analysis, qualitative content analysis, corpus and linguistic analysis, with the use of Sketch Engine, WordSmith and Jasnopis.
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