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Reforma uwłaszczeniowa we wsi Lednogóra i początki Moraczewa

100%

Linetty J.

Studia Lednickie

2021

vol. 20

51-78

The following article is devoted to the enfranchisement reform conducted in Lednogóra village. The enfranchisement reform, which was begun on the territory of the Grand Duchy of Posen by the Prussian authorities in 1823, aimed at ending the relics of a manorial-serf economy, formed in the Middle Ages. It meant the abolition of serfdom and the creation of medium-sized peasant farms free from obligations to the manor. To cultivate the land on these farms, draught animals were needed. In Lednogóra, the implementation of the reform started at the requests of the peasants in 1830. As a result of the procedure that took nearly 10 years, a “reces” was written (1839), whereby 14 farms were created free of any encumbrances from the manor. At the same time, the established farms were moved to a new land and a new settlement was created – Moraczewo. The old and new land divisions were documented on the map of Lednogóra drawn up by the surveyor Demmler.

Poniższy artykuł jest poświęcony zagadnieniu realizacji reformy uwłaszczeniowej we wsi Lednogóra. Reforma uwłaszczeniowa, rozpoczęta na terenie Wielkiego Księstwa Poznańskiego przez władze pruskie w 1823 roku, miała na celu likwidację reliktów gospodarki folwarczno-pańszczyźnianej, ukształtowanej jeszcze w średniowieczu. Oznaczało to zniesienie pańszczyzny oraz utworzenie wolnych od powinności wobec dworu średniej wielkości gospodarstw chłopskich, do uprawy których potrzebny był sprzężaj. W Lednogórze realizację postanowień reformy uwłaszczeniowej rozpoczęto na wniosek włościan w 1829/1830 roku. W wyniku trwającej blisko 10 lat procedury sporządzono reces (1839), w świetle którego utworzono 14 gospodarstw wolnych od wszelkich obciążeń ze strony dworu. Jednocześnie powstałe gospodarstwa przeniesiono na nowe grunty i utworzono nową osadę – Moraczewo. Dawne i nowe podziały gruntów zostały udokumentowane na mapie Lednogóry sporządzonej w 1831 roku przez mierniczego Demmlera.

Ochrona prawna dziedzictwa archeologicznego a rzeczywiste możliwości służb konserwatorskich na przykładzie stanowisk wpisanych do rejestru zabytków w Lednogórze, Moraczewie i Goślinowie

80%

Błażejewska M., Olejniczak D.

Studia Lednickie

2017

vol. 16

9-35

This paper outlines the issue of the conservation protection of archaeological heritage using the example of three sites from the communes of Gniezno and Łubowo entered in the register of monuments. The sites in Moraczewo (site 16), Lednogóra (site 8) and Goślinowo (site 4) are briefly presented. The first part presents international and national legal acts referring to the protection and care of monuments in a historical perspective. Next, operative regulations are presented from the practical side. The paper describes the scope of their execution, executive possibilities for conservation services and the problems of cooperation between administrative units at various levels in the broadly understood system of monument protection. The issue of the value of cultural heritage, still much-debated not only in the conservation but also in the scholarly milieu, is also discussed. The importance and preservation of the relics of the past in contemporary society is best illustrated by the current proceedings to receive the consent for the construction of a lignite opencast mine in Ościsłów. The investment has received wide coverage in the social media, television and the press among others due to the discovery of a megalithic cemetery, thus confirming that the value of heritage cannot be measured only by objective and standardised criteria. The issues of property and finances are considered the main problems in the protection of monuments. The responsibility for the monument lies primarily with the owner and the costs associated with the maintaining and good preservation of the heritage are often very high. This paper therefore emphasises the need for a closer cooperation between conservation services and monument owners or investors. Theoretical and legal considerations lead up to a discussion on the problem of the protection of archaeological heritage in real situations. Examples here include three sites under one of the higher forms of protection, i.e., an entry in the register of monuments, which are under threat from investments. First, the site in Moraczewo may be destroyed by a significant extension of a residential building and the construction of a car workshop. Secondly, Lednogóra is an example of an archaeological site difficult to protect by conservation services due to faulty provisions in the current local spatial development plan that was adopted almost 20 years earlier. Finally, the Goślinowo site is threatened by destruction due to the implementation of the construction of the S5 express road, a strategic investment for this part of the country. The examples discussed illustrate the diversity of activities undertaken by conservation services. However, as the above analysis demonstrates, the complexity of the problems related to the protection of cultural heritage is not limited to the possibility of applying relevant paragraphs. We often face a dilemma as to how much compromise we should make to protect as much of our archaeological heritage as possible. The first part presents international and national legal acts referring to the protection and care of monuments in a historical perspective. Next, operative regulations are presented from the practical side. The paper describes the scope of their execution, executive possibilities for conservation services and the problems of cooperation between administrative units at various levels in the broadly understood system of monument protection. The issue of the value of cultural heritage, still much-debated not only in the conservation but also in the scholarly milieu, is also discussed. The importance and preservation of the relics of the past in contemporary society is best illustrated by the current proceedings to receive the consent for the construction of a lignite opencast mine in Ościsłów. The investment has received wide coverage in the social media, television and the press among others due to the discovery of a megalithic cemetery, thus confirming that the value of heritage cannot be measured only by objective and standardised criteria. The issues of property and finances are considered the main problems in the protection of monuments. The responsibility for the monument lies primarily with the owner and the costs associated with the maintaining and good preservation of the heritage are often very high. This paper therefore emphasises the need for a closer cooperation between conservation services and monument owners or investors. Theoretical and legal considerations lead up to a discussion on the problem of the protection of archaeological heritage in real situations. Examples here include three sites under one of the higher forms of protection, i.e., an entry in the register of monuments, which are under threat from investments. First, the site in Moraczewo may be destroyed by a significant extension of a residential building and the construction of a car workshop. Secondly, Lednogóra is an example of an archaeological site difficult to protect by conservation services due to faulty provisions in the current local spatial development plan that was adopted almost 20 years earlier. Finally, the Goślinowo site is threatened by destruction due to the implementation of the construction of the S5 express road, a strategic investment for this part of the country. The examples discussed illustrate the diversity of activities undertaken by conservation services. However, as the above analysis demonstrates, the complexity of the problems related to the protection of cultural heritage is not limited to the possibility of applying relevant paragraphs. We often face a dilemma as to how much compromise we should make to protect as much of our archaeological heritage as possible.

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2 Studia Lednickie

1 Błażejewska M.

1 Linetty J.

1 Olejniczak D.

1 2021

1 2017

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Reforma uwłaszczeniowa we wsi Lednogóra i początki Moraczewa

Ochrona prawna dziedzictwa archeologicznego a rzeczywiste możliwości służb konserwatorskich na przykładzie stanowisk wpisanych do rejestru zabytków w Lednogórze, Moraczewie i Goślinowie