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Notes on a Stratagem of Iphicrates in Polyaenus and Leo Tactica

100%
Wheeler E. L.
Electrum
|
2012
|
vol. 19
157–163
EN
Proper understanding of Iphicrates’ stratagem at Polyaenus 3.9.38, marred by a lacuna, can be derived from Leo Tact. 20.196, where anchoring a fleet off a harborless coastline is described. Emending Polyaenus’ text from the reading of a later MS also clarifies the anecdote’s meaning. Leo knew the full text of Polyaenus, since Polyaenus 3.9.38 does not occur in the abbreviated Excepta Polyaeni, which some recently suggest replaced the Strategica in Byzantine use of Polyaenus.
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Olim tradita fuerunt? On the obsoleteness of the sollemnia verba in Inst. 3.15pr.

88%
Yiftach U.
The Journal of Juristic Papyrology
|
2021
|
issue 51
169-187
EN
According to the classical dogma, the act of stipulatio was performed through the exchange of sollemnia verba, which were, according to my working hypothesis, verbs introducing the duty to perform a future act, a concept lucidly displayed by Pomponian (Dig. 45.1.5.1), hence the ‘Pomponian tenet’. Documents preserved on papyrus, composed by ‘new-Romans’ after the Constitutio Antoniniana, exhibit a completely different concept: a stipulation-clause confirming a past, contractually significant activity. It is asked (but not conclusively answered) to what extend this alternative formulation has paved the way to the abandonment of the ‘Pomponian tenet’ by the emperor Leo in 472 ce (CJ 8.37.10). As we draw from Justinian’s interpretation of CJ 8.37.10 in Inst. 3.15.1, the sollemnia verba, the use of which became outdated after Leo, was not the language of the stipulation-clause as incorporated in the written documentation of the contract, but that of the act of stipulatio, which, as before, was meant in the keep verbal.
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