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EN
The article analyzes the content of Leon Wasilewski's publications about the past and prospects of Polish-Ukrainian relations in the Second Polish Republic on the pages of "Biuletyn Polsko-Ukrainski" (1932-1938), which played a significant role in the history of development of Ukrainian-Polish relations. Leon Wasilewski was considered as a "First Ukrainophiles" in the Second Polish Republic's journalistic circles in the interwar period. Special attention is paid to Leon Wasilewski's views on the problems of both nations' coexistence in one state, as reflected in the pages of the publication.
EN
Leon Wasilewski played a vivid role during the struggle for the independence of Poland as well as had a great influence on the formation of foreign policy of the Joseph Pilsudski. He is rightly called "the architect of the Eastern policy of Pilsudski". The article dedicated to the activities of Wasilewski as the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the first government of the restored Polish state, which played significant place in a series of all subsequent Polish governments. Although Wasilewski’s worked as Minister only two month, he managed to create an organizational structure of the ministry that could work in difficult and unstable conditions. The role of the first foreign minister of the state that had existed in a very difficult international situation was described. Wasilewski had challenges that were far beyond the competence of minister of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in normal situation. Main attention is paid to Wasilewski’s activity in the process of setting the state boundary of the Republic of Poland as well as the establishing the international relations with neighbors. During Wasilewski short-term period on the position of the Minister, he showed himself as talented and visionary diplomat. Based on the idea of the federation, Wasilewski created the concept of the territorial form of the Polish state that Pilsudski was trying to put into practice in 1919–1920. Shown himself perfectly as the minister of foreign affairs, he gained more respect from J. Pilsudski and remained one of his most loyal adherent. The resignation did not mean the end of Wasilewski’s political activity. At the personal proposition of the “Commandant of the State”, he participated in the Paris Peace Conference (1919) as well as took part in the signing of The Treaty of Riga (1921).
EN
The article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the signing of the Treaty of Riga (1921), discussions about the significance of which do not stop today. What significance did this treaty have for the history of Europe, and especially for its political architecture of the interwar period? What were the consequences of this agreement for Poles, Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians? Estimated of the agreement signed a hundred years ago still differ – some believe that the document then established the borders of Poland almost within the Second Partition of Poland (1793) was the defeat of the then Polish elite, others – that it was an expression of the real state of affairs. This article focuses on the course of Polish-Soviet negotiations during the signing of the treaty, the struggle within the Polish delegation between supports of two state geopolitical concepts (National Democracy “incorporative” and “federal” J. Pilsudski) and establishment of the Eastern border of the Polish state. The well-known Polish diplomat and politician Leon Wasilewski played one of the key roles during these negotiations, and the study of his activities will help to clarify several controversial points during the negotiations. The Treaty of Riga (1921) put an end to the Polish-Bolshevik war, defined the Polish border in the East and the same time cancelled the Petliura-Pilsudski Agreement, which testified to the defeat of the federalist program of J. Pilsudski. Further, the Polish government’s policy towards national minorities later proved to be almost discriminatory, weakening the Polish state from within. For Ukraine and Belarus, this agreement proved to be a national catastrophe, depriving them of the prospects of statehood. This peace can be called a “situational compromise”, which in the short term solved the problem of ending the war, but did not solve any of the geopolitical problems of Poland: neither guaranteed security nor guaranteed the stability of Poland’s Eastern border. The violation of this peace by Soviet Russia was a matter of time, as it happened in 1939.
UK
Стаття присвячена 100-річчю підписання Ризького мирного договору 1921 р., дискусії щодо наслідків якого не припиняються і сьогодні. Яке значення мав цей договір для історії Європи, а особливо для її політичної архітектури міжвоєнного періоду? Які наслідки цей договір мав для поляків, росіян, українців і білорусів? Оцінки підписаного сто років тому договору досі розходяться – одні вважають, що документ, який встановив кордони Польщі майже в межах другого поділу Речі Посполитої (1793 р.) був поразкою тогочасної польської еліти, інші – що він був виразом реального стану речей. У цій статті акцентовано увагу на перебігу польсько-радянських переговорів під час підписання трактату, боротьбі всередині польської делегації між прихильниками двох державних геополітичних концепцій («ендецької» інкорпоративної та «федералістичної» Ю. Пілсудського) та встановленні східного кордону Польської держави. Відомий польський дипломат і політичний діяч Л. Василевський відіграв одну з ключових ролей під час цих переговорів, дослідження його діяльності сприятиме з’ясуванню декількох спірних моментів під час переговорів. Ризький мирний договір 1921 р. поставив крапку в польсько-більшовицькій війні, визначив польський кордон на сході і водночас перекреслив Варшавську угоду Петлюра-Пілсудський, що засвідчило крах федералістичної програми Ю. Пілсудського. Ба більше, політика польської влади щодо національних меншин у подальшому виявилася майже дискримінаційною, що послаблювало Поль ську державу зсередини. Для України та Білорусі цей договір виявився національною катастрофою, позбавивши їх перспектив державності. Цей мир можна назвати «ситуативним компромісом», який у короткотривалій перспективі розв’язував проблему закінчення війни, але не розв’язував жодної із геополітичних проблем Польщі: не гарантував безпеки, як і не гарантував стійкості східного кордону Польщі. Порушення цього миру з боку радянської Росії було питанням часу, що і сталося в 1939 році.
EN
The article is about the role of and significance of Leon Wasilewski in shaping the concept of federation. This derived from the environment Polish Socialist Party politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs, diplomat and journalist, was one of the closest associates of Józef Piłsudski. Leon Wasilewski had an impact not only on the nature of the idea of federation, but also for the whole of Polish eastern policy. During the first decade of functioning of an independent Polish Republic after World War I, he was one of the most prominent experts on the subject: Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Belarus and Ukraine.
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