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EN
The topic of this paper is the representation of the two kings of Poland – Stephen Báthory and Sigismund III Vasa – emerging from the correspondence of Lew Sapieha addressed to the Radziwiłłs of Birża: Krzysztof ‘the Thunder’ and his son Krzysztof (d. 1640), as well as Mikołaj Krzysztof Sierotka of the Nieśwież line of the family. A look at Sapieha’s writings allows to capture the differences in his descriptions of the two monarchs and also enables identifying the rhetoric tools aimed at making the king’s policies favourable in the eyes of the addressees. Sapieha’s letters are testaments of his unusual ability to depict reality colourfully; most of all, however, they enrich the knowledge on the art of epistolography in the past centuries, a topic which remains not fully explored by literary historians.
Wieki Stare i Nowe
|
2016
|
vol. 11
|
issue 16
34-47
PL
In January 1626 the Great Lithuanian Marshal, Jan Stanisław Sapieha, who was left behind by his father Lew in Livonia, was defeated by the Swedish army in Walmojza. News of the defeat quickly reached Warsaw, where the sessions of parliament were held, and it caused a great outrage among the noblemen and magnates who gathered there. It is from this period that the correspondence of the Great Lithuanian Marshal Lew Sapieha to his son Jan Stanisław dates back. The correspondence contains a great deal of interesting information concerning not only the military activities in Livonia but also the relations between the correspondents and their feelings, attitudes, opinions and reactions toward the changes that occurred on the Lithuanian political and military scene. The letters that were analysed furnish the image of a frustrated father who transferred his problems and failures on his son - the latter was already embarrassed by the defeat. It is likely that due to this the son’s mental health suffered.
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EN
The Lithuanian Chancellor, Lev Sapieha, effectively controlled the policy of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth towards the Muscovite state from the beginning of his career. This was especially visible during the Time of Troubles, when at the expense of the interests of Sigismund III and the Tsar-elect, prince Wladyslaw, he reinforced the position of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and muscovite policy. The article, based on unused and unknown before source documents, outlines Sapieha’s activity in the final stage of the Time of Troubles - the Moscow expedition of Prince Wladyslaw in 1617-1618.
PL
Kanclerz litewski Lew Sapieha od początku swojej kariery urzędniczej skutecznie kontrolował politykę Rzeczypospolitej wobec państwa moskiewskiego. Uwidoczniło się to zwłaszcza w czasie moskiewskiej smuty, kiedy kosztem interesów Zygmunta III i cara-elekta, królewicza Władysława, forsował on wzmocnienie pozycji Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w ramach polsko-litewskiego państwa i polityki moskiewskiej. W artykule, opartym o niewykorzystywane i nieznane dokumenty źródłowe, została zarysowana działalność Sapiehy w końcowej fazie smuty moskiewskiej – ekspedycji królewicza Władysława z lat 1617-1618.
RU
Канцлер ВКЛ Лев Сапега с самого начала своей официальной карьеры эффективно контролировал политику Речи Посполитой в отношении Московского государства. Особенно это проявилось во время Смуты, когда за счет интересов Сигизмунда III и избранного царя, королевича Владислава он форсировал усиление позиций Великого княжества Литовского в польско-литовском государстве и реляциях с Московским государством. В статье, основанной на неиспользованных и неизвестных первоисточниках, рассказывается о деятельности Сапеги на последнем этапе Смуты – московском походе королевича Владислава в 1617-1618 годах.
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