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EN
This paper presents results of a research study the objective of which was to analyse entries of Polish temporal propositions and their Danish equivalents. Having considered specific features of the examined class of words, the following three parameters were chosen as quality references: number of exemplary phrases, number of Danish preposition equivalents and order of examples given in the entry. Excerpts of dictionary articles were additionally compared with results of other translation confrontation.
DE
Der Beitrag soll die Relevanz des Konzeptes von Qualifikationsmerkmalen der Wörter in Wörterbüchern betonen. Diese Qualifikatoren pragmatischer Art sollten objektiviert werden. Eine Möglichkeit diesbezüglich bieten die PELCRA-Suchmaschine und die PROFIL-Funktion in NKJP (dt. Nationalem Korpus der polnischen Sprache), die eine Analyse der stilistischen Distribution der Treffer ermöglicht. Die Überlegungen betreffen die Recherchemöglichkeiten der Verwendung von statistischen und Computerwerkzeugen zur Überprüfung von Wörterbuchqualifikatoren. Die Methode wird anhand einer Stichprobe von 100 eindeutigen Wörtern getestet, die im Polnischsprachigen Wörterbuch von Mieczysław Szymczak als ‚książk.’ gekennzeichnet sind, weil es eines der mysteriösesten Qualifikationsmerkmale ist.
EN
The article aims to explain the importance of qualitative methods in assigning style labels to words in dictionaries. Style labels, as elements of pragmatic information, should be as objective as possible, but in practice they often lack objectivity because they are assigned to words intuitively. A chance to give them more rigor is offered by the PELCRA search engine in the National Corpus of Polish which computes stylistic distribution of search words. The considerations concern the research possibilities that the use of statistical and computer tools in verifying dictionary qualifiers. The method is tested on a sample of 100 words marked as ‘bookish’ in the “Polish Language Dictionary” by Mieczysław Szymczak, because it is one of the most mysterious qualifiers.
EN
The aim of this article is to analyze from the metalexicographical perspective the most popular and the latest bilingual dictionaries of legal terms in Polish and German. Dictionaries were scrutinized according to such aspects as database and purpose/function, group of users, micro- and macrostructure, metalexicographic texts. As far as macrostructure is concerned, special attention has been paid to specialist lexicon, problems of selecting entry words in light of the opposition between the specialist and general lexicon of a language, treatment of lexemes consisting of more than one word. In regard to microstructure, possible orders of polysemic entries have been discussed, as well as issues of definition, grammatical information, collocations, exemplary usages and the most important element of bilingual dictionaries – equivalents. The analysis has revealed that the dictionaries considered cannot be recognized as equivalent and specialist translation dictionaries since for most part they fail to provide equivalents of entry words, setting with their translations. They contain lexemes of the general language, omit tokens consisting of more than one word, provide too few collocations or their wrong counterparts. The macro- and microstructure of dictionaries is characterized by many inconsistencies, which makes their use difficult.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2015
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vol. 25
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issue 2
103-115
EN
The article focusing on the latest research in antonymy (Jones et al. 2012) proposes to see this lexical- semantic relation in its broader sense (oppositeness) because this view meets the needs of lexicographers who aim at a more realistic description of a variety of semantic contrasts on the parole level. The text points out issues concerning lexical selection methods on the paradigmatic level with the help of the cooccurrence analysis. Examples of web search strings which help to elicit constructions containing antonym pairs are given. These ways show an urgent need to describe antonymy in constructions which emerge in authentic language usage, not on the systemic level (langue) only. The author emphasizes that exemplifying antonymy should be rethought in the domain of word-formation: formal regularities prevail on the system level only; however, the usage shows antonymy pairs with a wide range of possible contrasts.
DE
Der Artikel geht von der neueren Forschung im Bereich der Antonymie aus (Jones et al. 2012) und plädiert für eine breitere Auffassung der Gegensätzlichkeit für die lexikographischen Zwecke. Die lexikalisch-semantischen Relationen sollten im Wörterbuch auf der Ebene der Parole dargestellt werden, um dem Benutzer mindestens einen Teil der großen Vielfalt an semantischen Kontrasten zu bieten. Zur Auswahl der Belege dient außer der Kookkurrenzanalyse auch die Internetsuche, bei der syntaktische Konstruktionen, die auf Antonympaaren basieren, ermittelt werden. Ebenfalls auf der Ebene der Wortbildung sollten ins Wörterbuch nicht nur die automatisierten, formalen Regularitäten auf der Systemebene eingehen: Diese sollten durch authentische Kontrastpaare ergänzt werden.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2018
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vol. 28
|
issue 2
222-231
EN
The article addresses the events to be remembered in 2017 that mark the history of German spelling. At the center of the reflection is the last issue of German Orthography, published by Dieter Nerius in 2007. From a foreign Germanist point of view, some key points are mentioned, which make this standard work an indispensable source for the Germanic university education. Subsequently, it is shown that today the structuralist understanding of the dynamics in the field of elusive spelling of complex verbs could be supplemented by corpus linguistic analysis, which might be useful both in lexicography and in word formation theory.
DE
Der vorliegende Text geht auf die im Jahre 2017 zu erinnernden Ereignisse ein, die den Werdegang der deutschen Rechtschreibung markieren. Im Zentrum der Reflexion steht die letzte Ausgabe der Deutschen Orthographie, die Dieter Nerius 2007 veröffentlichte. Aus auslandsgermanistischer Sicht werden einige Stichpunkte erwähnt, die dieses Standardwerk bis heute zu einer unentbehrlichen Quelle für die germanistische Hochschullehre machen. Im Anschluss wird gezeigt, dass die strukturalistische Erfassung der Dynamik im Bereich der schwer erfassbaren Schreibung der komplexen Verben durch korpuslinguistische Analysen ergänzt werden könnte, die sowohl für Lexikographen als auch für Wortbildungstheoretiker vom Nutzen sein dürften.
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