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EN
The main topic of the article is the transformation of the British Liberal Party between 1959 and 1964. The initial part of the text concentrates on the historical development of the party after 1945 focusing especially on the crisis which the Liberals faced in 1950s. Consequently, the author analyses the phenomenon of the Liberal Spring which considerably influenced British politics at the turn of 1950s and 1960s. The text introduces not only the “objective” facts which for instance the contemporaneous British press used in order to reason in favour of the revival of British Liberal Party. It outlines also the way in which sometimes mere speculations about the reestablishment of the Liberals as a third major force in British politics contributed to the development of Labour and Conservative policies. The main aim of the author is to present the Liberal revival in context of the transformation of British society in 1950s and 1960s and outline thus the specific nature of British Liberal Spring as well as its limits which contributed to the contradictory result of the Liberal Party in the general election of 1964.
CS
Hlavním tématem studie je proměna britské Liberální strany v letech 1959–1964. Úvodní část textu přináší nástin základních obrysů vývoje této politické strany po skončení druhé světové války. Soustředí se přitom zejména na krizi, kterou procházela v průběhu padesátých let 20. století. V následujících kapitolách se autor věnuje fenoménu obrody britské Liberální strany a britského liberalismu, jež ovlivňoval směřování britské politiky na přelomu padesátých a šedesátých let 20. století. Studie přitom nabízí nejen přehled objektivních faktorů, na základě kterých o British Liberal Revival usuzoval například dobový tisk, ale také nástin toho, jak mnohdy pouze spekulace o návratu Liberální strany jako třetí rozhodující síly v britské politice pomáhaly utvářet směřování Konzervativní i Labouristické strany. Autor si klade za cíl především načrtnout obnovu Liberální strany ve vztahu k proměnám britské společnosti, které k ní přispívaly, a upozornit tak na specifický charakter a limity britského „liberálního jara“, jež se nakonec odrazily i na rozporuplných výsledcích Liberální strany v parlamentních volbách v roce 1964.
EN
Czechoslovak exile in Australia subsequent to February 1948 cannot be investigated without putting it within a wider framework and providing an overview of other national groups from Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, or put more simply from behind the Iron Curtain, who also settled in the continent. Over 180 000 people from various countries of origin took it upon themselves to find their fortune on the other side of the world. In the second half of the 1940s, the vast majority of these were political refugees, exiles who refused to live under communist domination or who faced persecution. Not even the distance and a certain isolation in Australia’s international affairs would necessarily offer reliable protection. On the contrary; the Soviet Union saw it as a possible springboard for the further global spread of communism. Exiles were very sensitive to this threat, and there was no way they were going to allow Marxist ideology to penetrate further into Australian society. They founded societies and international organisations with clear anti-communist focus, published printed matter, and held demonstrations and commemorations.
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