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Both the liturgical and the magisterial sources demonstrate that the local community – the parish which is the subject of the liturgy – takes precedence over personal participation in the Sunday Mass. It is important to reconsider this thoroughly. The life of the Church is shaped by the responsibility of its members, so local communities should be encouraged to gather every Sunday to celebrate the liturgy. The personal attitudes of individual believers should reflect more on the importance of the Sunday gathering of the local community, even if the Eucharist is not celebrated.
EN
By its nature the liturgy requires the involvement of numerous persons in its celebration. Vatican Council II’s Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy notes that, “In liturgical celebrations each person, minister or layman, who has an office to perform, should do all of, but only, those parts which pertain to his office by the nature of the rite and the principles of liturgy” (SC 28). From the perspective of the many years since the promulgation of this conciliar constitution, this encouragement is still valid, all the more so because for many centuries the celebration of the liturgy had been clericalized and the lay faithful had become merely an audience. Pope Paul VI in his motu proprio Ministeria Quaedam, and especially Pope Francis in his motu proprio Spiritus Domini, again drew attention to the ministry of the liturgy of the word, admitting also women to this service. The purpose of this article is to show the significance and role of persons carrying out ministries during the Liturgy of the Word at Holy Mass in terms of the history of the Church. Beginning with St. Justin, through the Fathers of the Church, the decrees of Councils and Synods, the place of lector and cantor performing their duties in the Mass is presented. It is noted that persons performing the ministry of lector in the first three centuries were primarily lay people. It was only from the time of Pope Siricius that office of lector became one of the stages of receiving higher orders. In this manner the carrying out of the function became clericalized. The office of cantor in the East also came to be included in the clerical state quite early on. The clericalization of performing these functions was sealed by the custom of establishing lectors and cantors in the form of holy orders. This state of affairs did not change until after Vatican Council II.
PL
Liturgia ze swej natury domaga się zaangażowania wielu osób podczas jej sprawowania. W Konstytucji o liturgii świętej Soboru Watykańskiego II zaznaczono, że: „W odprawianiu liturgii każdy spełniający swą funkcję, czy to duchowny, czy świecki, powinien czynić tylko to i wszystko to, co należy do niego z natury rzeczy i na mocy przepisów liturgicznych” (KL 28). Z perspektywy wielu lat od ogłoszenia konstytucji soborowej zachęta ta jest ciągle aktualna, tym bardziej, że przez wiele wieków celebracja liturgii była sklerykalizowana, a wierni świeccy stali się wyłącznie słuchaczami. Na nowo na posługę podczas liturgii słowa zwrócił uwagę papież Paweł VI w motu proprio Ministeria quaedam, a zwłaszcza papież Franciszek w motu proprio Spiritus Domini, dopuszczając do tej posługi również kobiety. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie znaczenia i roli osób pełniących posługi podczas liturgii słowa we Mszy św. z perspektywy historii liturgii. Począwszy od św. Justyna, poprzez ojców Kościoła, rozporządzenia soborów i synodów przedstawiono miejsce lektorów i psałterzystów pełniących swoją w czasie Mszy św. Podkreślono, że osoby pełniące posługę lektorów w trzech pierwszych wiekach były przede wszystkim osobami świeckimi. Dopiero od papieża Syrycjusza, lektorat stał jednym ze stopni do otrzymania święceń wyższych. W ten sposób doszło do sklerykalizowania pełnienia tej funkcji. Również psałterzystów na Wschodzie dość wcześnie zaliczano do stanu duchownego. Klerykalizację pełnionych funkcji przypieczętował zwyczaj ustanawiania lektorów i psałterzystów w formie święceń. Stan ten został zmieniony dopiero po Soborze Watykańskim II.
EN
Prepared after the Second Vatican Council, the Lectionary is a treasury of biblical readings, which were selected and organised in accordance with certain criteria, the main criterion being pastoral. To accept and experience the vitality and efficacy of the Divine Word, which is actualised in liturgical acts, we need to consider general and detailed rules for the interpretation of the lectionary. The main principle will be the one permitting us to capture the connection between the Word of God and liturgical celebration. Next, there is the principle of continuity of the Mystery, the Christological principle and more detailed ones, such as that of harmonisation and semicontinuous reading.
XX
Opracowana po Soborze Watykańskim II księga liturgiczna, którą jest „Lekcjonarz mszalny”, przedstawia bogaty skarbiec tekstów Pisma Świętego, które zostały wybrane i uporządkowane zgodnie z określonymi kryteriami, z których pierwszym jest cel duszpasterski. Aby przyjąć i doświadczyć żywotności i skuteczności słowa Bożego aktualizującego się w czynnościach liturgicznych, należy wziąć pod uwagę zasady ogólne i szczegółowe interpretacji lekcjonarza. Jest to przede wszystkim zasada pozwalająca uchwycić związek między słowem Bożym a celebracją liturgiczną, a następnie zasada jedności misterium, chrystologiczna oraz szczegółowe, takie jak harmonizacji i czytania półciągłego.
EN
Putting Psalm 118 (117) in the Liturgy of the Word on solemnities, feasts and memorials of saint Pastors contributes to transmitting the teaching about grace and to actualizing grace, experiencing it, accepting and implementing its fruit. The concept of liturgical charitology means here charitology in liturgical texts and in the way it is formed, especially in joining the Psalm with the passage 2 Cor 5,14-20 and its subject of service and conciliation thanks to the passion, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ. In this way charitology of Psalm 118 (117) is concerned with three memorials of saint Pastors and monks, and especially when the memorials are elevated to the rank of a solemnity (sollemnitas) or a feast (festum). The solemnities or feasts refer to Saint Clemens Maria Hofbauer — on 15th March, Saint Szymon of Lipnica — on 18th July, and Saint John of Capistrano — on 23rd October. In this form of Liturgy of the Word on these feasts or celebrations grace is revealed first of all in God’s dynamic action. In the service of grace of reconciliation especially the Saints’ activity is inscribed that aims at preaching God’s Word and at the work of salvation, teaching faith and involvement in the development of one’s own religious orders, but also in one’s own conversion or in harmony between towns or countries. In God’s grace of paschal kindness, His faithfulness and glory, the Saints’ experience of help and protection is inscribed, especially in their childhood years, and then the power of their effect on others that is owed to following God’s kindness in their lives. In the grace of joy, victory and light, the Saints’ way is inscribed of searching for their vocation, their fight with themselves, trust in God and service for the defense of faith. In the grace of rejection, building and perseverance, the Saints’ faithfulness is inscribed to the foundations of faith, to unity of the Church, despite adversities, as well as service to the poor, sick and suffering.
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