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EN
The primary function of the local development (spatial) plan is to determine the destination of the area covered by it, including various destinations of its individual fragments. Such plan is the act of local law, generally applicable on a given territory. Consequently, it becomes the basis for many decisions relating to the use of the real estates, which also means that it becomes an instrument of environmental protection. Detailed requirements of the legal system of environmental protection frequently stipulate that decisions determining the scope and manner of such protection must be in accordance with the local development plan. In fact, local development plan while specifying the destination of the covered area, also determines the legal scope and use of the environment. In practice, these requirements function only to a limited extent. This is because: – as a principle, adopting the local development plan is not compulsory, and as a result of a complex and expensive planning procedure only a part of the country territory is covered by such plans, – many local plans have numerous failures, primarily because of the conflict with the acts of parliament defining the detailed requirements to be met by such plans or because of the use of extremely imprecise terminology, – there is no effective mechanism for implementing the solutions of the public interest of a supracommunal character to the local development plans. For certain types of investments, this problem is solved by specific acts of law defining the detailed rules for the implementation of projects covered by them, while excluding requirements of spatial planning system.
EN
In the light of the Constitution the source of universally binding law in the Republic of Polish is, inter alia, the local law (art. 87). Feature of the local law is that it is created by the local authorities on the basis of acts of the Parliament and for their implementation. It shall be binding only within the limits of the jurisdiction of a local authority. An example of such local law is a resolution of the municipal council on the adoption of a local development (spatial) plan. Such a plan is optional and only in a few cases the law requires its adoption. The primary function of the local development (spatial) plan is to determine the destination area covered by it, including the delimitation of areas with different functions. This is very important from the point of view of the requirements for land management and environmental protection. If such a plan is the universally binding local law, it must be edited according to such rules that apply to the drafting of the texts of the law. Also, its interpretation must be done according to those rules.
RU
В соответствии с Конституцией источником общеобязательного права Республики Польша являются в частности акты местного права. Местное право характеризуется тем, что оно создается местными органами на основании законов с целью их реализации и оно действует только на территории деятельности установивших его органов. Примером данного акта является постановление совета гмины о принятии местного плана землепользования и застройки гмины. Этот план имеет факультативный харак-тер и только в немногочисленных случаях закон требует его принятия. Основная задача местного плана это определение назначения недвижимости, в том числе разграниче-ние территорий о разных функциях, что имеет большое значение с точки зрения требований в сфере землеустройства и охраны окружающей среды. Если такой план являет-ся актом местного права о общеобязательном характере, то он должен редактироваться в соответствии с принципами редактирования нормативно правовых текстов. Также его толкование должно происходить с использованием надлежащих правил.
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