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EN
Review of book: Marta Aleksandra Balińska, Ludwik Rajchman. Życie w służbie ludzkości, przeł. Maria Braunstein, Michał Krasicki, Wydawnictwo Studio Emka: Warszawa 2012, ss. 372
PL
Recenzja publikacji: Marta Aleksandra Balińska, Ludwik Rajchman. Życie w służbie ludzkości, przeł. Maria Braunstein, Michał Krasicki, Wydawnictwo Studio Emka: Warszawa 2012, ss. 372
Dzieje Najnowsze
|
2021
|
vol. 53
|
issue 1
55-75
EN
The purpose of the article is to analyse the Epidemic Commission of the League of Nations’ activity in Warsaw and answer the questions: how its relations with the Polish authorities developed, what instruments did it have at its disposal, and what were the results of its efforts? Based on the materials from the League of Nations Archives in Geneva, it should be said that the operation of the Commission in Warsaw was of key importance for the forms of activity and development of organisational structures of the League of Nations responsible for health protection. The outstanding Polish bacteriologist and social activist Ludwik Rajchman played a vital role in this context.
PL
Celem artykułu jest analiza działalności Komisji Epidemiologicznej Ligi Narodów w Warszawie i próba odpowiedzi na pytania: jak kształtowały się jej stosunki z władzami polskimi, jakimi instrumentami dysponowała, jakie były efekty podejmowanych przez nią wysiłków? W oparciu o materiały z Archiwum Ligi Narodów w Genewie należy stwierdzić, że działalność placówki w Warszawie miała kluczowe znaczenie dla form działalności oraz rozwoju struktur organizacyjnych w ramach Ligi Narodów odpowiedzialnych za ochronę zdrowia. Ważną rolę w tym kontekście odegrał wybitny polski bakteriolog i działacz społeczny Ludwik Rajchman.
EN
Since the middle of the 19th century, a period of real progress in the field of public health began, government obligations towards health expanded; quarantine, isolation and other measures were introduced by the international community aimed to ensure in the first place safe trade, but also the health of the population of large Western European cities. The article examines the three new international structures in the field of health created before and after the First World War. The first in time was the Office international d’hygiène publique (OIHP), created in 1907. Shortly before the war in 1913, the International Department of Health (IHD) of the Rockefeller Foundation was founded in the United States, and straight after the war in 1920, the League of Nations Health Organization (LNHO) appeared. Despite the cooperation at certain points, the relationship between the LNHO and the OIHP was largely marked by rivalry and the reluctance of the OIHP to become part of the League of Nations. In 1920 the Epidemic Commission was founded and its first head became a well known Polish medical scientist Ludwik Rajchman. The authors also pay attention to the first epidemiological actions in Bulgaria, made possible by the activities of the Rockefeller Foundation in South-Eastern Europe.
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