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Dwa średniowieczne wraki odkryte w 2021 roku w Gdańsku przy ul. Wałowej 35

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Rembisz-Lubiejewska A., Litwinienko P., Kocińska M. K., Gomulski P., Muntowski P.

Pomorania Antiqua

2023

vol. Tom XXXII

115–144

During archaeological research carried out in 2021 at 35 Wałowa Street in Gdańsk by the CRA Baltica Sp. z o. o. team under the direction of Piotr Gomulski, in the place of the former gasworks and the remains of the Shipyard Gate, within the flow around the post-medieval fortifications, two wrecks with construction solutions characteristic of two different boatbuilding traditions were uncovered. The wreck Wałowa 35.1 constitutes the remains of a large stave boat (length approx. 15 m, width approx. 3.5 m, height approx. 0.95 m), built using the shell-first technique after 1295 in a local Pomeranian boatbuilding workshop. From the original structure of the vessel stem, T-shaped keel, seven floors, two frames, five strakes of port side plating and six strakes of starboard side plating have been preserved. The staves were connected with wooden pins and sealed with moss. The stem was connected to the keel by a diagonal lock. In the upper surface of the keel, behind the lock, there is a characteristic rectangular hole to be used for attaching the clamps holding the first staves of the shell during the construction of the vessel. In the stem, in turn, there is a hole for attaching ropes to pull the vessel ashore. Inside the structure there was a fragment of a cleat (?), while inside and next to the wreck two bark floats were found. This vessel was used for sailing on the Vistula, fishing in inland and coastal waters of the Baltic Sea. The wreck Wałowa 35.2 constitutes the remains of a small ship (approx. 16.5 m long, 4.7 m wide, 1.35 m high) built using the shell-first technique after 1250 in the vicinity of Lund (Scania). From the original ship's structure survived fragment of stem with an opening for pulling the vessel ashore, T-shaped keel, 8 transverse bonds (including one frame with a keelson cut), 11 strakes of starboard side plating and five strakes of port side planting. The overlapping staves were connected by iron rivets with pads and sealed with sheep's hair. The transverse stiffening elements were connected to the keel by pins. The damage to the hull was repaired from the inside with slats pressed with iron clamps (type C2) and a woolen cloth soaked in tar or pitch. The stem was connected to the keel by a diagonal lock. The presence of a wreck from Scania in Gdańsk, along with other few boatbuilding monuments referring to the Scandinavian tradition, is an evidence of the contacts that took place in the second half of the 13th century and in the 14th century between the inhabitants of the Vistula River mouth and southern Scandinavia. Both vessels sank in the first half of the 14th century in the former Vistula riverbed. After the great flood in 1371, the old Vistula bed was used to create a wide moat, preceded in 1573 by a system of earthen embankments. It was probably during this period that the worn and abandoned wreck Wałowa 35.1 was nailed to the bottom by waterfront construction elements. The remains of the vessels discovered at ul. Wałowa 35, as well as the wrecks once discovered in Gdańsk, Orunia, Mechelinki and the medieval port in Puck, present an increasingly interesting and fuller database of medieval vessels sailing in the waters of the Gdańsk Bay. Diversified construction solutions observed in these wrecks are a valuable contribution to research not only on local boatbuilding, but also on cultural contacts in the Baltic Sea basin.

Miejsce szczecińskiego Pedagogium Książęcego / Królewskiego Gimnazjum Karolińskiego w szwedzkim systemie kształcenia medycznego w latach 1646-1713

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Nieznanowska J.

Przegląd Zachodniopomorski

2020

issue 2

47-75

The purpose of the present study is to describe the medical education provided in the 17th century Szczecin in the context of the Swedish academic network of the time, comprising five universities with the medical faculties (Uppsala, Dorpat/Tartu, Åbo/Turku, Greifswald, Lund). Subject to comparative analysis were: the number and continuity of the personnel of the chairs of medicine, the availability and quality of the infrastructure used in didactics and the scientific research carried out by the professors of medicine, the number and topics of the medical discussions and dissertations presented with the participation of students, and the scientific activity of the professors of medicine from various centres. One of the analyzed centres with which the Gymnasium chair of medicine couldn’t be on a par in neither of the analyzed aspects was the faculty of medicine in Uppsala. The most significant difference between Szczecin and Greifswald was the Greifswald faculty’s of medicine right to grant the Ph.D. degree. However, Szczecin could not only equal with the new centres, established in the discussed period (Dorpat, Åbo, Lund), but often surpassed them thanks to the commitment and activity of the professors working there.

Celem artykułu było scharakteryzowanie kształcenia medycznego prowadzonego w siedemnastowiecznym Szczecinie, w kontekście szwedzkiej sieci akademickiej z tego okresu, obejmującej pięć uczelni z wydziałami lekarskimi (Uppsala, Dorpat/Tartu, Åbo/Turku, Greifswald, Lund). Analizie porównawczej poddane zostały: liczba i ciągłość obsadzenia katedr medycyny, dostępność i jakość infrastruktury wykorzystywanej w dydaktyce i badaniach naukowych prowadzonych przez profesorów medycyny, liczba i tematyka dysput i dysertacji medycznych przeprowadzanych z udziałem studentów oraz aktywność naukowa profesorów medycyny z poszczególnych ośrodków. Jedynym analizowanym ośrodkiem, któremu gimnazjalna katedra medycyny w Szczecinie nie mogła dorównać w żadnym z analizowanych aspektów, był wydział lekarski w Uppsali. Najistotniejszą różnicą między Szczecinem i Greifswaldem było to, że greifswaldzki wydział lekarski posiadał uprawnienia do nadawania tytułów doktorskich. Natomiast nowym ośrodkom, założonym w omawianym okresie (Dorpat, Åbo, Lund), Szczecin nie tylko dotrzymywał kroku, ale dzięki zaangażowaniu i aktywności działających tu profesorów, niejednokrotnie je wyprzedzał.

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1 Pomorania Antiqua

1 Przegląd Zachodniopomorski

1 Gomulski P.

1 Kocińska M. K.

1 Litwinienko P.

1 Muntowski P.

1 Nieznanowska J.

1 Rembisz-Lubiejewska A.

1 2023

1 2020

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Dwa średniowieczne wraki odkryte w 2021 roku w Gdańsku przy ul. Wałowej 35

Miejsce szczecińskiego Pedagogium Książęcego / Królewskiego Gimnazjum Karolińskiego w szwedzkim systemie kształcenia medycznego w latach 1646-1713