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Sistemas electorales y sistemas de partidos en el México contemporáneo (1917–2017)

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Reynoso V.
Anuario Latinoamericano – Ciencias Políticas y Relaciones Internacionales
|
2017
|
vol. 4
ES
El artículo presenta un análisis de los sistemas electorales y de partidos en México desde la aprobación de la Constitución de 1917 hasta la fecha (2017). El país ha tenido tres sistemas electorales (mayoritario, de diputados de partido y mixto) y dos sistemas de partidos (hegemónico y multipartidista). Hay dos periodos previos al sistema hegemónico (sin partidos, 1917–1929 y de formación, 1929–1946) y un periodo de transición (1988–1997). Se presentan también las reformas electorales más significativas, algunas de las cuales tuvieron como objetivo consolidar o prolongar el sistema hegemónico (1946, 1963 y 1978) y otras le pusieron fin (1996). Todos estos cambios se han dado en una continuidad notable en el contexto latinoamericano e internacional. Hay que destacar que aunque hay muchos análisis del sistema de partidos en México, hay pocos que den una visión de largo plazo como esta.AbstractThe article presents an analysis of electoral systems and party systems in Mexico, comprising the period from the adoption of the 1917 Constitution until the present day (2017). In Mexico, there have been three electoral systems (majority system, party deputies’ system and a mixed one) and two party systems (hegemonic and multi-party). There were two periods prior to hegemonic system (without parties, 1917–1929, and a formation period, 1929–1946) and a transition period (1988–1997). The article also presents the most important electoral reforms. Some of them were aimed at consolidating and prolonging the hegemonic system (1946, 1963 y 1978), while others put an end to it (1996). All these changes have taken place in a considerable continuity, taking into consideration the Latin American and international context. It should be noted that although numerous analyses of the Mexican party system have been carried out, not many of them present a long-term perspective, in the way this article does.
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